Crystal structure of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) homo- and copolymers in the high pressure phase

X-ray diffraction measurements are reported for 27°C, pressures to 5.2 GPa and concentrations of CF₃ units to 0.049 CF₃/CF₂. These show both orthorhombic and monoclinic structures to exist under high hydrostatic pressure. It is proposed that shear stresses generated at elastic inhomogeneities in the sample lead to the monoclinic phase. Energy calculations are consistent with this concept. They also indicate that conformational and rotational disorders raise the entropy of the high pressure phase III. Perfluoromethyl branches increase the volume/CF₂ of phase III more than that of the low pressure phase I. At high CF₃ concentrations and pressures, both phases become metrically hexagonal. The volume of transition becomes zero at a concentration near 0.05 CF₃/CF₂ and no transition is observed to a pressure of 5.2 GPa. There appears to be a critical point near 27°C, a CF₃ concentration of 0.05 and a pressure of 3.5 to 5 GPa.     

Surface activity of quaternary ammonium salts derived from jojoba oil

A number ofcis andtrans quatenary ammonium salts were synthesized from jojoba oil. All derivatives were found to be surface active agents, i.e., they reduced the surface tension to 35 dynes/cm⁻¹, at very low concentrations. The relationship between the surface activity and the molecular structure is discussed.     

杨木爆破浆作新闻纸配浆的初步研究

进行了杨木爆破浆配抄新闻纸的研究，杨木爆破浆取代马尾松化学浆配抄新闻纸后除撕裂度略有下降外，裂断长、拉毛速度、印刷密度、透印值等都有明显改善     

大断面煤巷变形破坏规律及控制技术

采用理论分析、FLAC3D数值计算和工程实践等方法,研究分析巷道宽度对巷道围岩变形、塑性区及应力分布的影响规律,提出了巷道临界宽度判定指标：巷道顶板拉破坏深度为1.5 m,顶板拉破坏深度大于1.5 m的巷道维护困难。并提出了超过临界宽度的巷道支护技术为：及时支护、高强高预紧力锚杆、锚索支护和高初撑力的临时支护。研究成果成功应用于王庄煤矿6207综放工作面运输巷。     

Experimental Study on the Small Flyer Initiating Behavior of Fine-grained Explosives

The initiating behavior of fine-grained explosives by small flyer is studied. The diameter of small flyer in this device is 1 ram. The test results indicate that the granularity of explosives has great effect on its flyer initiating sensitivity.The flyer initiating sensitivity of the fine-grained explosives is higher and the critical initiating energy is lower than that of common explosives. For common explosive, the flyer initiating sensitivity increases as the density is reduced. But for the fine-grained explosive, the test results are exactly opposite.     

24-二硝基茴香醚基含铝熔铸炸药爆轰临界直径的实验研究

为了揭示2,4-二硝基茴香醚(DNAN)基高能钝感熔铸炸药的爆轰传播特性,加快DNAN基熔铸炸药的工程化应用,采用连续导线法测量了DNAN基含铝熔铸炸药的临界直径。结果表明：Al含量（质量百分比0~30%）增大、Al粒度d₅₀（分别为6 μm、12 μm、31 μm）减小均会降低爆轰传播的临界直径;黑索今（RDX）的粒度d₅₀（分别为19 μm、147 μm、751 μm）增大、RDX品质提高会增大爆轰传播的临界直径。研究结果为DNAN基含铝熔铸炸药的配方和战斗部结构设计提供基础的技术参数。     

大质量钨破片冲击多层间隙盖板炸药数值模拟与试验研究

为分析大质量破片对多层盖板炸药冲击起爆阈值的影响因素,采用SPH和FEM相结合的方法开展了不同盖板厚度和不同盖板间隔情况对起爆阈值影响的数值模拟。在此基础上,采用二级轻气炮作为加载手段,进行了大质量钨合金破片冲击不同盖板及间隙情况下炸药冲击起爆试验研究,获得了起爆阈值。数值模拟与试验结果相一致,表明采用SPH与FEM相结合的方法可以较好地模拟此类问题。通过拟合得到了大质量破片冲击起爆阈值速度与冲击角度之间的经验关系式。分析结果表明,大质量破片冲击产生的大量二次破片对起爆阈值速度和起爆延迟时间具有较大的影响。     

一种改进的考虑划痕的关键面积计算模型和方法

关键面积计算对于集成电路成品率的准确预测有着重要的意义。为了得到精确的结果,关键面积计算需要根据缺陷形状的不同选择适当的缺陷模型。针对化学机械研磨引入的划痕,提出了一种线性缺陷模型来计算其关键面积。在此基础上进一步考虑了线端效应的影响,对考虑划痕的关键面积计算模型提出了改进。实验结果表明改进后模型的计算结果更为准确。     

磁场对双轴分子液晶的影响

在分子场近似下,研究分子双轴性对向列相液晶在各向同性相最低过冷温度的影响,以及对临界磁场的影响。当外加磁场大于临界磁场时,不发生向列相－各向同性相相变。理论结果表明,通过考虑分子双轴性,最低过冷温度Ｔ＾＊与相变温度Ｔｃ的比值向实验值靠近。随着分子双轴性的增加,临界磁场很快下降。     

A unified model in the pulsed laser ablation process

In this unified model, we introduce the electron-phonon coupling time （tie） and laser pulse width （tp）. For long pulses, it can substitute for the traditional thermal conduction model; while for ultrashort pulses, it can substitute for the standard two- temperature model. As an example of the gold target, we get the dependence of the electron and ion temperature evolvement on the time and position by solving the thermal conduction equation using the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method. It is in good agreement with experimental data. We obtain the critical temperature of the onset of ablation using the Saha equation and then obtain the theoretical value of the laser ablation threshold when the laser pulse width ranges from nanosecond to femtosecond timescale, which consists well with the experimental data.