纳秒脉冲激光清洗石化设备对清洗表面的影响

采用纳秒脉冲激光对石化设备普遍使用的20钢表面锈蚀层以及油污进行了激光清洗试验,通过正交实验法得到优化后的激光清洗工艺参数,在激光功率18 W,激光脉冲重复频率75kHz,扫描速度3 000mm/s的清洗工艺参数下可有效去除20钢表面的锈蚀层;在激光功率20 W,激光脉冲重复频率75 kHz,扫描速度2 250 mm/s的清洗工艺参数下可有效去除20钢表面附着的油污。分析了激光清洗前后材料表面形貌的变化,研究了激光清洗前后表面的显微硬度以及耐腐蚀性,结果表明：激光清洗可以在不改变材料的耐腐蚀性能的同时提升材料表面的显微硬度,从而达到理想的激光清洗效果。     

某办公楼中央空调节能措施的经济效益分析

通过对具体工程实例分析和论述,得出中央空调的节能可以通过提高制冷主机冷凝器的换热效率来提高主机在常年运行时高效节能,并利用冷凝热回收技术来回收原来冷却塔带走的热量,这样既可得到免费热水,又可以减少冷却塔的排放热量,利用新风全热换热器来回收排风中的冷量,并通过空调自动控制系统,在中央空调各种不同工况时,进行优化控制,实现整个系统的节能运行,从而达到降低整个中央空调系统能耗的目的。     

Synergetic effect of chelating agent and nonionic surfactant for benzotriazoleremoval on post Cu-CMP cleaning

The cleaning of copper interconnects after chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process is a critical step in integrated circuits (ICs) fabrication. Benzotriazole (BTA), which is used as corrosion inhibitor in the copper CMP slurry, is the primary source for the formation of organic contaminants. The presence of BTA can degrade the electrical properties and reliability of ICs which needs to be removed by using an effective cleaning solution. In this paper, an alkaline cleaning solution was proposed. The alkaline cleaning solution studied in this work consists of a chelating agent and a nonionic surfactant. The removal of BTA was characterized by contact angle measurements and potentiodynamic polarization studies. The cleaning properties of the proposed cleaning solution on a 300 mm copper patterned wafer were also quantified, total defect counts after cleaning was studied, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) review was used to identify types of BTA to confirm the ability of cleaning solution for BTA removal. All the results reveal that the chelating agent can effectively remove the BTA residual, nonionic surfactant can further improve the performance.     

后处理对铝电解电容器阳极箔比容的影响

采用硫酸-盐酸体系环保型铝电解电容器用阳极箔腐蚀工艺,硝酸溶液作后处理液,结合SEM分析,探讨了硝酸后处理在阳极箔表面的清洗机理,研究了直流电侵蚀后,硝酸后处理对阳极箔比容的影响。结果表明:在硝酸溶液温度为65℃、清洗时间为250 s的条件下,阳极箔比容随着硝酸质量浓度的增加而增加,当硝酸质量浓度增至35 g/L时,阳极箔比容达到最大值0.70×10–6 F/cm2。硝酸质量浓度继续增加,阳极箔比容逐渐减小。最佳后处理参数为:硝酸质量浓度为35 g/L,处理温度为65℃,清洗时间为250 s。     

A new cleaning process combining non-ionic surfactant with diamond film electrochemical oxidation for polished silicon wafers

This paper presents a new cleaning process for particle and organic contaminants on polished silicon wafer surfaces.It combines a non-ionic surfactant with boron-doped diamond(BDD) film anode electrochemical oxidation. The non-ionic surfactant is used to remove particles on the polished wafer's surface,because it can form a protective film on the surface,which makes particles easy to remove.The effects of particle removal comparative experiments were observed by metallographic microscopy,which showed tha...     

针对SZ36-1油田稠油的柴油基洗井液的制备及性能评价

以渤海SZ36—1稠油油田的油污为研究对象,研究并确定了柴油基洗井液体系最佳配方：0^#柴油与渤海海水体积比为50：50,主乳化剂HCA—X加量3．0％,助乳化剂HAS加量0．25％,稳定剂HTC加量1．0％,NaCl加量1．0％。对该洗井液的各项性能评价表明,相对0^#柴油来说,柴油基洗井液具有洗井成本低、时间短、清洗能力强等优点,并且具有良好的配伍性和储层保护性能,泵送性和沉降稳定性也完全满足现场洗井施工要求。     

催化裂化装置汽轮机在线高速清洗

汽轮机是催化裂化装置机组中最易结垢的关键设备.某公司1.2 Mt/a催化裂化装置的汽轮机在运行中出现轮室压力上升、蒸汽耗量增加、调速汽门全开和转速下降的情况,判断为汽轮机流通部件结垢所致.在汽轮机组不停机、气压机火炬不需排放、装置低负荷正常生产的条件下,降低汽轮机入口蒸汽温度,实施汽轮机在线高速清洗.清洗后,汽轮机轮室...     

注水系统沿程水质稳定技术研究

随着油田开发工艺的日益增多,原始水处理工艺存在水处理水质不达标、腐蚀结构严重和二次污染等问题。而影响回注水水质稳定的主要因素为Fe²⁺、细菌、H2S和少量溶解氧;注水系统中沿程水质二次污染的主要原因是管线内污垢和细菌大量滋生。为控制水质使其达标,通过日常生产中的经验累积,开发了源头控制和沿程控制两种水质控制模式。源头控制模式主要是控制腐蚀结垢及细菌繁殖,去除原水中亚铁、硫及成垢离子,提高水质稳定性;沿程控制模式主要是加强过程控制,消除残留细菌,破坏其滋生环境并抑制腐蚀,延缓沿程管线污染和老化。沿程水质稳定技术在现场实施后,有效解决了水质不达标问题,注水井口水质稳定率达95%以上。     

基于Spark框架的电力大数据清洗模型

针对电力大数据清洗过程中的提取统一异常检测模式困难、异常数据修正连续性及准确性低下等问题,提出了一种基于Spark框架的电力大数据清洗模型。首先基于改进CURE聚类算法获取正常簇;其次,实现了正常簇的边界样本获取方法,并设计了基于边界样本的异常识别算法;最后通过指数加权移动平均数实现了异常数据修正。通过对某风电场风力发电监测数据进行了数据清洗实验分析,验证了清洗模型的高效性、准确性。     

Preparation and characterization of multifunctional cotton fabric by coating with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticle-flakes and a novel approach to monitor its self-cleaning property

Multifunctional cotton fabric has been prepared by pad-dry-coating with sonochemically synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles. The uniqueness of sonochemical synthesis is that it synthesizes without alkali at near neutral pH and hence the cotton fabric is exposed to less chemical stress. As a result of coating, the fabric shows enhanced mechanical strength, water and stain repellence, antimicrobial properties, UV-blocking capacity and self-cleaning characteristics compared to the uncoated fabric. The self-cleaning property was tested with Trypan Blue dye under sunlight. The attempt of quantifying the self-cleaning process with the rate of decolorization is a novel one. It was observed that about 69% of the colour was removed when the coated fabric was exposed to sunlight for 3 h and 30 min. The fading of colour followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.