基于质量功能展开的大学生素质教育评估

针对当前大学生素质教育评估存在的忽视评估对象,评估过程机械化等现象,本文介绍了基于质量功能展开的大学生素质教育评估方式。质量功能展开是一种获取＂顾客＂需求,改进产品、服务质量的工程技术方法,由于具有重视客体需求、易于操作和便于改进的特性,使其非常适合大学生素质教育评估。运用质量功能展开评价大学生素质教育的主要步骤为识别学生需求、建立评估模型和实施评估。     

Type D personality and the development of PTSD symptoms: A prospective study.

Psychological trauma and prolonged stress may cause mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Pretrauma personality is an important determinant of posttraumatic adjustment. Specifically, trait neuroticism has been identified as a risk factor for PTSD. Additionally, the combination of high negative affectivity or neuroticism with marked social inhibition or introversion, also called Type D personality (Denollet, 2000), may compose a risk factor for PTSD. There is no research available that examined pretrauma Type D personality in relation to PTSD. The present study examined the predictive validity of the Type D personality construct in a sample of Dutch soldiers. Data were collected prior to and 6 months after military deployment to Afghanistan. Separate multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the predictive validity of Type D personality. First, Type D personality was defined as the interaction between negative affect and social inhibition (Na × Si). In a second analysis, Type D was defined following cutoff criteria recommended by Denollet (2000). Results showed that negative affectivity was a significant predictor of PTSD symptoms. Social inhibition and the interaction Na × Si did not add to the amount of explained variance in postdeployment PTSD scores over the effects of childhood abuse, negative affectivity, and prior psychological symptoms. A second analysis showed that Type D personality (dichotomous) did not add to the amount of explained variance in postdeployment PTSD scores over the effects of childhood abuse, and prior psychological symptoms. Therefore, Type D personality appears to be of limited value to explain development of combat-related PTSD symptoms. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Hydrogen refuelling stations in the Netherlands: An intercomparison of quantitative risk assessments used for permitting

As of 2003, 15 hydrogen refuelling stations (HRSs) have been deployed in the Netherlands. To become established, the HRS has to go through a permitting procedure. An important document of the permitting dossier is the quantitative risk assessment (QRA) as it assesses the risks of the HRS associated to people and buildings in the vicinity of the HRS. In the Netherlands, a generic prescribed approach exists on how to perform a QRA, however specific guidelines for HRSs do not exist. An intercomparison among the QRAs of permitted HRSs has revealed significant inconsistencies on various aspects of the QRA: namely the inclusion of HRS sub-systems and components, the HRS sub-system and component considerations as predefined components, the application of failure scenarios, the determination of failure frequencies, the application of input parameters, the consideration of preventive and mitigation measures as well as information provided regarding the HRS surroundings and the societal risk. It is therefore recommended to develop specific QRA guidelines for HRSs.     

雷达网反隐身优化部署决策模型及算法研究

隐身目标的RCS在空域、频域及极化域等方面均呈现出不一致特性。利用隐身目标的低隐身效果的“空域窗口”优化多部雷达布站，是一项具有现实意义的课题。基于对隐身飞机RCS与雷达波入射角关系的具体分析，提出了雷达网消盲指数的概念和定量表达式，建立了一种小型雷达群的空域反隐身优化部署决策模型，并对具体的优化部署算法进行了研究。利用典型雷达装备进行的仿真试验验证了其有效性。     

Loose Coupling and Healthcare Organizations: Deployment Strategies for Groupware

Healthcare organizations are often organized in a modular, loosely coupled fashion where separate and semi-autonomous work units specialize in different areas of care delivery. This partitioning allows each unit to adapt to emerging practice standards in its area of expertise and to adjust to its local work environment. However, organizational loose coupling can limit the flow of information within organizations and can make it difficult to coordinate services when patients’ care is dependent on professionals from more than one unit. Groupware systems have the potential to improve coordination and information access in healthcare organizations. However, modularity and loose coupling make it difficult to introduce new systems when they span more than one unit, since authority is not always centralized and since perceptions and frames of reference on new deployments differ across units. In this paper, we define a groupware deployment framework for loosely coupled healthcare organizations that has two parts: a set of deployment challenges and a set of deployment strategies. The deployment challenges include: difficulties centralizing deployments, perceptions of inequity, role conflicts, and problems achieving critical mass. The deployment strategies outline a preliminary set of approaches for addressing the difficulties of deploying CSCW systems in loosely coupled healthcare organizations. We illustrate the framework by presenting a case study of a groupware deployment in a home care setting.     

质量驱动产品开发方法及其应用研究

对质量驱动的产品开发方法进行了介绍,针对我国仪表行业新产品开发能力薄弱的现状和现代工业仪表设计技术,建立了仪表产品质量驱动的计算机辅助产品开发集成设计系统框架模型,指出该设计系统的关键是实现产品质量功能配置,生命周期故障模式与效应分析（ＦＭＥＡ）,及产品设计决策系统的集成设计。文末给出了应用实例。     

流域水沙资源优化配置理论与模型及其在黄河下游的应用

本文在分析流域水沙资源利用现状、水沙灾害性及水沙优化配置必要性的基础上，构建了流域水沙资源联合多目标优化配置理论框架，它由河床演变均衡稳定理论和水沙资源联合多目标优化配置理论组成，进而建立了流域水沙资源优化配置数学模型，该模型包括河床演变均衡稳定模型和水沙资源多目标优化配置模型两个子模型。应用模型计算分析了黄河下游主河槽的均衡稳定断面尺寸和输水输沙优化的临界指标，提出了强化非恒定流调水调沙、调控含沙量60～100kg/m3之间的不利水沙条件等改善小浪底水库调度运用的措施，并进一步提出了黄河下游水沙资源多目标优化配置的模式, 应用模型计算分析了不同水沙条件的水沙资源优化配置方案,为黄河下游河道的科学治理提供了新的思路。     

QFD方法在空战武器装备需求分析中的应用

空战武器装备需求分析是武器装备规划的基础,也是武器装备体系建设的基础;根据空战武器装备规划从"用户"需求出发的特点,结合质量功能展开(qualityfunctiondeployment,QFD)方法能通过关系矩阵充分反映"顾客"需求的优越性,提出用QFD方法进行武器装备需求分析的方法;该方法利用AHP(analytichierar chyprocess)方法确定空战武器装备的用户的重要度后,对需求进行逐层展开,建立QFD关系矩阵,最后计算不同需求的重要度,得到更能反映需求的结果,并用算例进行了分析;显示了该方法的简单性和反映用户需求的确切性。     

A methodology of determining aggregated importance of engineering characteristics in QFD

Quality function deployment (QFD) is a planning and problem-solving tool that is gaining acceptance for translating customer requirements (CRs) into engineering characteristics (ECs) of a product. Deriving the importance of ECs is a crucial step of applying QFD. However, the inherent fuzziness in QFD presents a special challenge to effectively evaluate the importance of ECs and correlation among them. Furthermore, degree of impact of an engineering characteristic (EC) on the other ECs also reflects the importance of the ECs. In previous studies, those impacts were neglected or simply represented using a linear combination in determining the importance of ECs. To address this issue, in this paper, a new methodology of determining aggregated importance of ECs is presented which involves the consideration of conventional meaning of importance of ECs as well as the impacts of an EC on other ECs. In the proposed methodology, fuzzy relation measures between CRs and ECs as well as fuzzy correlation measures among ECs are determined based on fuzzy expert systems approach. These two types of measures are then used to determine the aggregated importance of ECs. An example of design of a digital camera is used to illustrate the proposed methodology.     

基于PowerBuilder开发网上购票系统

分布式数据库系统是数据库领域的新技术,是数据库技术、计算机网络技术和分布式处理相结合的产物。介绍了利用PowerBuilder环境开发分布式数据库系统应用的方法及其原理,并给出运用PowerBuilder开发网上数据库应用系统的实例(网上购票系统)。利用分布式数据库系统和网络功能实现网上购票,对民航、铁路和公路交通运输部门有着重要的意义。