Moisture Distribution and Dewatering Efficiency for Wet Materials

This review paper summarizes current research efforts toward a comprehensive view of wet material dewatering, considering the binding energy as the strength to hold water, and rupture energy given to remove moisture from materials.     

充油S-SBR加工行为的研究

在中试装置上合成相对分子质量分布较宽的充油S-SBR，考察不同环烷油和芳烃油填充量的充油S-SBR的流变性能和混炼行为。结果表明，增大油的填充量能提高充油S-SBR的流动性能，充芳烃油S-SBR相对于充环烷油的S-SBR对温度更敏感，宽相对分子质量分布的充环烷油S-SBR的混炼性能优于S-SBR1204及E-SBRl778，竟相对分子质量分布的充芳烃油S-SBR的混炼性能优于S-SBR1204，Solprene380和E-SBR1712。     

生物质中元素分布特征的聚类分析研究

测定了稻草秆、小麦秆、玉米秆、棉花秆、大豆秆、玉米芯、花生壳和柳树、松树、桦树、杨树、杉树 1 2个农业生物质和林业生物质种类 2 7个样品中主要元素 K,Ca,Na,Mg,Al,Fe,P和痕量元素 As,Cr,Co,Cu,Cd,Mn,Mo,Ni,Pb,Ti,Zn,V,Si,Ba,Be,Se,Sb,Ge,Hg的含量 ,并用SPSS聚类分析法分别进行了 R型和 Q型聚类研究 ,对这些元素在生物质中的分布特征进行了研究 .结果显示 :杨木、杉木和桦木与松木和柳木归成一大类 ,经济类作物黄豆秆和棉花秆分别归类后又归入一大类 ;农业生物质稻草秆和小麦秆、玉米秆被归入一类 ;虽然 2 7种生物质样品分别取自我国东北、华东、华北和西南地区 ,在地理位置上相距极远 ,但样品聚类谱系图表明 ,元素的分布特征与生物质的种类的关系显著 ,与产地的关系不明显 ,即元素的分布特征受种类的影响大 ,而受生长环境、气候、土壤条件的影响小 .     

Characterization of microporous-mesoporous MCM-41 silicates prepared in the presence of octyltrimethylammonium bromide

MCM-41 silicates prepared in the presence of octyltrimethylammonium bromide either by a conventional method or by post-synthesis hydrothermal treatment were characterized by nitrogen adsorption in a wide range of relative pressure from 10^-6 to 1. Hydrothermally restructured samples were found to have lower BET surface areas, lower external surface areas and thicker silica walls than the non-treated sample. More importantly, in addition to their characteristic mesopores (ca. 3 nm), they were shown to have considerable amounts of micropores. The relative amount of micropores and mesopores was shown to be dependent on the treatment conditions. Thus, it is demonstrated that the postsynthesis hydrothermal restructuring is a convenient synthesis route to MCM-41 silicates with bimodal pore size distribution involving controllable amounts of microporosity. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

种子法制备聚合物乳液技术的进展

从建筑乳液的生产现状、自生种子法与外加种子法的区别、种子乳液的特点及外加种子法生产的乳液特性等方面介绍了种子法制备乳液技术的进展。     

Smart pricing scheme: A multi-layered scoring rule application

Defining appropriate pricing strategy for smart environment is important and complex task at the same time. It holds the primal fraction in Demand Response (DR) program. In our work, we devise an incentive based smart dynamic pricing scheme for consumers facilitating a multi-layered scoring rule. The proposed strategy characterizes both incentive based DR and price based DR programs facilities. This mechanism is applied between consumer agents (CA) to electricity provider agent (EP) and EP to Generation Company (GENCO). Based on the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), a hierarchical scoring system is formed among these entities, CA–EP–GENCO. As CA receives the dynamic day-ahead pricing signal from EP, it will schedule the household appliances to lower price period and report the prediction in a form of a probability distribution function to EP. EP, in similar way reports the aggregated demand prediction to GENCO. Finally, GENCO computes the base discount after running a cost-optimization problem. GENCO will reward EP with a fraction of discount based on their prediction accuracy. EP will do the same to CA based on how truthful they were reporting their intentions on device scheduling. The method is tested on real data provided by Ontario Power Company and we show that this scheme is capable to reduce energy consumption and consumers’ payment.     

COMPUTER SIMULATION OF HYDRODEMETALLATION IN FIXED-BED REACTORS

An isothermal model for hydrodemetallation (HDM) of crude oils in catalytic fixed-bed reactors is proposed. This model involves a consecutive reaction mechanism, which is capable of accounting for particle deposit profiles with interior maxima. Consistent with the fact that HDM catalysts are conglomerates formed by precipitation, the porous catalyst itself is modeled as randomly overlapping spheres of equal size. The metal is deposited as growing metal sulfide crystallites on the inner surface of the catalyst. These crystallites originate from a certain number of randomly scattered nuclei and increase in size as the deposition proceeds. The random sphere model for the catalyst and the deposit provides the changes in the catalyst pore structure—local porosity and surface area.

The mass transport within the domain of the particle is due to restricted liquid diffusion, since the diameter of the metal bearing compound (porphyrin) and the intermediate are comparable to the pore size. The diffusion restrictions taken into account are the enhanced drag imposed on a molecule by adjacent pore walls and steric partitioning.

Since the deposition process is much slower than diffusion and reaction, the pseudo-steady-state assumption can be justified. The equations of conservation for mass are solved by orthogonal collocation on finite elements. Based on this solution technique a computer simulation program of HDM is designed that allows two modes of operation: constant temperature and constant conversion. The simulation program “SIMULA” is highly flexible with regard to reaction kinetics, catalyst structure, reactor design, and operating conditions. In comparison to a base case with uniform activity, the effect of intraparticle (radial) and bed (axial) activity profiles on the conversion rate is discussed. For the case investigated, a radial distribution of activity higher at the center of the particle than at the edge can increase catalyst life by 25%, but axial distribution was less successful.     

Configurational statistics of copolymers prepared by complex-radical polymerization

Radical copolymerization is considered theoretically taking into account the effect of complexing on the configurational statistics of macromolecules formed. Akinetic model has been developed that considers, apart from the ordinary addition of single monomer units to a propagating chain, the possible addition of monomer unit pairs along with a complexing agent in the form of a ternary complex. Within the framework of this model, the problem of calculating the probabilities of formation of any sequences of monomer units (taking into account their microtacticity) in a macromolecule has been rigorously solved as well as the problem of finding the composition distribution of the copolymer formed. It has been shown that this distribution is described by a conventional Gauss law and the appropriate parameters are given. Possible generalizations of the suggested approach are indicated.     

HS2000分布式控制系统在小氮肥厂的应用

介绍了国产ＨＳ２０００分布式控制系统首次在山东禹城化工总厂尿素装置上成功应用的情况。     

Assessing the predictive capability of two‐phase models for the mechanical behavior of alumina/epoxy nanocomposites

A review of analytical modeling of particulate reinforcement is made as a prelude to the problem of microstructural inhomogeneity in nanocomposite materials. Noting the inevitability of dispersion nonuniformity, and variations in agglomerate morphology and filler‐matrix interaction, the need to question the application of such models to novel materials arises. Employing the mechanical properties of alumina/epoxy nanocomposites, with known dispersion characteristics, an evaluation of the predictive capability of various models for Young's modulus, strength, and failure strain is made. Comparison between models is accompanied by a discussion of the parameters used in the fitting of macroscopic behavior to microstructural features. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 869–879, 2005