CCD离散性对面积测量的影响

分析了电荷耦合器件(CCD)在空间和彩色(或灰度)的离散特性对面积测量的影响。通过统计特定区域的边界点和分析图像分割的效果,提出了一种评价CCD相关误差的方法。举例说明了图像分割方法对面积测量的影响很大,为此,讨论了正确使用CCD和提高面积测量精度的相应措施。     

双目立体视觉传感器的现场标定技术

双目立体视觉传感器在机器视觉和三维测量中有着广泛的应用。其中测量精度是一个很重要的因素,尤其是在三维测量中,高测量精度的要求使得传感器的标定显得尤为重要。该文提出了一种双目立体视觉传感器的现场标定方法,不仅提高了标定精度,还避免了离线标定中大量的重复性劳动,同时也研究了摄像机镜头畸变的问题。实验结果表明,此方法能够得到满意的标定精度。     

Wavelet transform applied to EO-1 hyperspectral data for forest LAI and crown closure mapping

A comparison of the performance of three feature extraction methods was made for mapping forest crown closure (CC) and leaf area index (LAI) with EO-1 Hyperion data. The methods are band selection (SB), principal component analysis (PCA) and wavelet transform (WT). Hyperion data were acquired on October 9, 2001. A total of 38 field measurements of CC and LAI were collected on August 10-11, 2001, at Blodgett Forest Research Station, University of California at Berkeley, USA. The analysis method consists of (1) conducting atmospheric correction with High Accuracy Atmospheric Correction for Hyperspectral Data (HATCH) to retrieve surface reflectance, (2) extracting features with the three methods: SB, PCA and WT, (3) establishing multivariate regression prediction models, (4) predicting and mapping pixel-based CC and LAI values, and (5) validating the CC and LAI mapped results with photo-interpreted CC and LAI values. The experimental results indicate that the energy features extracted by the WT method are the most effective for mapping forest CC and LAI (mapped accuracy (MA) for CC=84.90%, LAI MA=75.39%), followed by the PCA method (CC MA=77.42%, LAI MA=52.36%). The SB method performed the worst (CC MA=57.77%, LAI MA=50.87%).     

太湖地区麦季氮素淋失特征

通过排水采集器模拟试验,研究了太湖地区不同施肥水平下,麦作期间农田氮素淋洗特点。结果表明,麦季氮素渗漏损失以NO3--N为主,占总氮量的36.2%～99.1%,平均高达82.9%,NO3--N淋洗量随施肥量的增加而增加。不同施肥水平及肥料种类,对于NO3--N淋洗有着不同的影响,在试验的施肥水平下,麦作期间氮素淋失对地下水存在潜在污染。     

沈阳市建成区树种结构分析

通过对沈阳市建成区城市树木的调查分析发现。沈阳市的各土地利用类型中的树木种类和数量分布不均匀，其中。被调查的2．56块样地中每公顷树种≤5种的样地有113块。占总调查样地的44．14％；每公顷≤lO株的样地共43块．占总样地的16．80％。利用树种多度重要性排序及累积贡献率获得了不同土地类型中的主要树种。多个生物多样性指数表明．公园性质绿地的树种多样性最高．企事业单位用地与居住区用地次之．街道类用地较低。而商业金融用地最低。在此基础上对沈阳市的树种发展提出建议。     

新疆灌溉用水定额分区初步研究

在综合分析新疆各地区地形地貌、气候特征、水资源状况、种植结构、农业灌溉用水现状和经济发展水平等因素基础上,采用共区优选法对新疆灌溉用水定额进行分区,并提出相应的改善措施。该结果可为提高新疆灌溉用水率和用水效率,以及为灌溉管理节水提供决策参考。     

不同穗型水稻产量与群体生理性状的关系

根据穗倾角穴穗颈节至穗尖的连线与茎秆延长线的夹角雪的大小,将参试的12个品种划分为直立穗型、半弯曲穗型、弯曲穗型3种类型,研究了不同穗型的群体形态生理性状与产量形成的关系。结果表明,弯曲穗型品种抽穗期干物重较高,直立穗型品种抽穗后和成熟期干物重较高,抽穗后干物重占成熟期干物重的百分比也较高,半弯曲穗型上述方面介于二者之间。直立穗型、半弯曲穗型和弯曲穗型的颖花/叶值相近,说明三者单位叶面积所负担的颖花数差异不大。就粒重/叶而言,直立穗型>半弯曲穗型>弯曲穗型。直立穗和半弯曲穗型品种抽穗后单个颖花拥有的干物质越多,成粒率越高。比叶重大的品种,抽穗后群体叶面积衰减缓慢,具有一定的群体叶面积,对干物质生产和产量的形成是十分有利的。     

The effect of anisotropic reflectance on imaging spectroscopy of snow properties

How does snow's anisotropic directional reflectance affect the mapping of snow properties from imaging spectrometer data? This sensitivity study applies two spectroscopy models to synthetic images of the spectral hemispherical-directional reflectance factor (HDRF) with prescribed snow-covered area and snow grain size. The MEMSCAG model determines both sub-pixel snow-covered area and the grain size of the fractional snow cover. The Nolin/Dozier model analyzes the ice absorption feature that spans wavelength λ≅1.03 μm to estimate snow grain radius when the pixel is fully snow-covered. Retrievals of subpixel snow-covered area with MEMSCAG are progressively more sensitive to the HDRF as grain size decreases, solar zenith angle increases, and fractional snow cover increases. The model overestimates snow cover in the forward reflectance angles by up to +20% and underestimates it in the backward reflectance angles by as much as −15%. Grain size retrievals from both MEMSCAG and Nolin/Dozier are more sensitive to anisotropy as grain size and solar zenith angle increase. MEMSCAG retrievals of grain size are insensitive to snow-covered area. The largest inferred grain sizes occur around a peak in the backward reflectance angles and the smallest generally occur at the largest view angles in the forward direction. Retrievals of albedo from MEMSCAG and Nolin/Dozier are similarly sensitive to anisotropy, with albedo errors up to 5% for a 30° solar zenith angle and up to 10% at 60°. The albedo differences between the two models are less than 0.015 for all grain sizes and solar zenith angles.     

High‐luminance 1‐m‐long plasma tubes for wall displays

Abstract— The plasma‐tube array is expected to realize a wall‐sized display. This method will realize an emissive‐type display with a flexible screen shape and an expandable screen size. The shape of the plasma tube was investigated to realize high luminance, high luminance efficacy, and high flexural strength. As the result, a cylindroid tube is proposed to satisfy these demands. An experimental display of 1 m × 128 mm has been developed with these cylindroid tubes and it demonstrated a high luminous efficacy of 3.1 lm/W.