A free space frequency‐time‐domain technique for electromagnetic characterization of materials using reflection‐based measurement

In this report, a free space frequency‐time‐domain technique is presented for characterizing the electrical properties and thickness of the sample using multiple reflections and fabry‐perot resonance phenomenon. The retrieval of constitutive electromagnetic parameters of the sample has been carried out by comparing the measured reflection coefficient data from the sample at two different incident angles. The relative permittivity as well as relative permeability along with the thickness of different samples viz., beryllia, silicon, and plexiglass have been evaluated with high accuracy in the frequency range 1 to 15 GHz. The method is also experimentally validated by successfully reconstructing the unknown material properties of two different samples. The unique advantage of this method lies in non‐requirement of any prior knowledge of the sample's thickness for measuring the complex relative dielectric constant as well as relative permeability of the sample. To determine the electromagnetic properties of the sample, the sole knowledge of reflection coefficient data are needed. Moreover, the method does not involve any additional measurement for the reference calibration. The simple, cost‐effective proposed scheme is quite useful in many applications like accurate determination of signal strength in indoor wireless communication, through wall imaging, food industry, and so on.     

Design of a broadband dielectric resonator antenna and its application in low sensitivity frequency beam‐scanning array with wide scanning angle and suppressed sidelobes

In this paper, a broadband dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with a simple H‐slot feeding structure is proposed. The broad bandwidth (~45%) and uni‐directional radiation enable this DRA suitable to work as a radiation element in the construction of a beam‐scanning array with not only low frequency sensitivity which is important for accurate angle estimation of in‐coming targets, but also a wide scanning range. Moreover, stable coupling coefficients are established around all the above three resonances with respect to its corresponding feeding line, ensuring a low sidelobe level (SLL) across the whole operating frequency range. In order to realize such a DRA, a latticed rectangular structure is utilized to generate the lower two resonances, while the upper resonance is generated by its H‐shaped feeding slot. The shape of the latticed dielectric resonator is also modified according to a 3‐D printed fixing structure for an accurate installation. A 20‐element beam‐scanning prototype is demonstrated and manufactured. The range of scanning angle is from ?36° to +13° within the bandwidth of 10 to 16 GHz, corresponding to a frequency sensitivity of only 122.5 MHz/^o. The achieved SLL are smaller than 19 dB for all scanning beams. The above performance indicates that, this array is very suitable for near‐range radar systems requiring an accurate angle estimation.     

改进的探月返回飞船再入数值预测校正制导方法

为减少探月返回飞船再入数值预测校正制导方法在跳跃段倾侧角的偏转频率、实现过载的有效抑制,采用搜索跳跃段的倾侧角偏转能量点和末段阻力加速度反馈补偿的方法,提出了改进的数值预测校正制导方法.首先,用割线法搜索倾侧角偏转能量点,使得飞船在跳跃段只进行一次偏转即可实现落点精度要求;然后,根据指数大气假设,得到阻力加速度的导数,并根据过载约束定义参考阻力加速度;最后,采用阻力加速度及其导数与参考阻力加速度及其导数的误差对倾侧角的大小进行反馈补偿,抑制末段轨迹的过载.实验结果表明,该方法倾侧角偏转次数少,过载抑制能力强,鲁棒性好,能够有效解决现有方法存在的跳跃段倾侧角偏转频率高,末段过载抑制能力差的问题.     

水轮机转轮立式静平衡方法的研究进展

水轮机转轮质量不平衡是水轮机组产生振动的主要原因之一,通过静平衡试验获得转轮不平衡重量和不平衡角度,完成对不平衡点的检测和配重,降低转轮振动幅值和摆动幅值至容许范围。综述了水轮机转轮立式静平衡方法的研究进展,介绍了该静平衡方法的原理及5种不同的静平衡试验方法,分析了这几种静平衡方法的优缺点,并对今后水轮机转轮立式静平衡方法的研究方向给出了一些建议。     

基于汽车后视系统的短焦距超广角镜头光学设计

充分考虑了鱼眼镜头的特点,设计了一款应用于汽车后视系统的短焦距超广角镜头。系统焦距3.2mm,F数为2.0,全视场角179°,系统总长17.5mm。采用6片式结构,所有镜片均为球面未采用非球面,大大降低了成本,并对各像差曲线进行了分析,全视场MTF值在100lp/mm达到0.5以上,系统结构简单紧凑,像质优良。     

三维温度梯度场中本征声线轨迹的求取

为了降低声波在温度梯度场中的折射现象对声学CT法温度场重建精度的影响,研究了温度梯度场中声波的真实传播路径,即本征声线轨迹,提出了一种三维本征声线出射角确定法.利用正三棱锥前向展开法,在单峰、双峰模型温度场中进行了三维本征声线追踪.结果表明,三维温度梯度场中的声线轨迹有明显弯曲,该三维本征声线轨迹求取法可用于复杂三维温度场中实际声线轨迹的确定,并有望应用于三维温度场声学CT重建系统中.     

水下火箭弹头部空化流场的数值仿真研究

对火箭弹头部的局部空化流场的研究可作为头部敏感装置安装位置设计和选择的依据。研究了利用RANS(针对定常分析)和LES(针对非定常分析)湍流模型对水下火箭弹弹体头部空化流场进行仿真分析的方法,并与实验结果进行对比验证。通过仿真分析了在零攻角/小攻角下弹体头部周围定常、非定常流场空化区域和不同速度、加速度下空化区的变化;比较了相同空化数下不同速度对空化区域的影响。结果发现,小攻角情况下的火箭弹头部背流面空化流场存在较强的非定常特性,头部流场空化区受到加速度的影响且存在速度比尺效应。     

旋转弹攻角测试的特征值神经网络算法

对应用于旋转弹攻角测试的嵌入式大气数据传感(FADS)算法进行了分析.经加噪数据仿真检验,表明FADS算法解算得到的攻角误差与压力误差为线性关系;以空气动力学模型为基础,使用压力数据构建了具有非时变稳定性的两个特征值,仅与攻角、马赫数有关;选取不同攻角、马赫数组合状态下的特征值作为神经网络的训练样本,应用同样的加噪数据仿真检验,表明基于特征值的神经网络算法的抗干扰特性优于FADS算法;用风洞试验数据进行攻角解算,表明神经网络算法得到的攻角没有跳变现象,比FADS算法误差更小,具有更好的抗干扰性.     

纵向涡发生器攻角对翅片传热性能的影响

为了提高翅片式换热器的强化传热性能,对不同攻角的纵向涡发生器的翅片区域进行了研究.采用流体仿真软件FLUENT对发生器的翅片区域建立六面体网格模型,对不同攻角的纵向涡发生器的努塞尔数、阻力因子、综合性能分别进行数值分析和对比.结果显示:随着纵向涡发生器的攻角增加,纵向涡翅片的努塞尔数增强的越来越明显,其中纵向涡发生器攻角为45°的翅片努塞尔数最大;同时随着纵向涡发生器的攻角增加,阻力因子也随之增加;带纵向涡发生器的翅片的传热效果强于不带纵向涡发生器的翅片;通过比较综合评价因子,攻角为45°的纵向涡翅片在雷诺数为2000~6000内,综合性能最好.     

接触角螺旋升角对滚柱丝杠副传递效率的影响

建立行星滚柱丝杠副的传递效率数学模型,对行星滚柱丝杠副的正传递效率进行研究,并对传动效率影响较大的接触角和螺旋升角进行定量定性的分析,得出了螺旋升角最优值为5°,接触角45°为最佳值,为行星滚柱丝杠副的结构参数优化及产品系列化设计提供参考。