Capacity Efficiency and Restorability of Path Protection and Rerouting in WDM Networks Subject to Dual Failures

Resilient optical networks are predominately designed to protect against single failures of fiber links. But in larger networks, operators also see dual failures. As the capacity was planned for single failures, disconnections can occur by dual failures even if enough topological connectivity is provided. In our approach the design of the network minimizes the average loss caused by dual failures, while single failures are still fully survived. High dual failure restorability is the primary aim, capacity is optimized in a second step. For WDM networks with full wavelength conversion, we formulate mixed integer linear programming models for dedicated path protection, shared (backup) path protection, and path rerouting with and without stub-release. For larger problem instances in path rerouting, we propose two heuristics. Computational results indicate that the connectivity is of much more importance for high restorability values than the overall protection capacity. Shared protection has similar restorability levels as dedicated protection while the capacity is comparable to rerouting. Rerouting surpasses the protection mechanisms in restorability and comes close to 100% dual failure survivability. Compared to single failure planning, both shared path protection and rerouting need significantly more capacity in dual failure planning.     

海拉尔盆地的古河道砂体识别方法

本文基于海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷西北部高精度三维地震资料,通过对时间域、频率域地震属性的分析,研究了河道砂体的变化及分布规律,总结出了一套利用时间域、频率域地震属性识别古河道的方法。其中对河道砂体较为敏感的沿层属性主要有均方根振幅、反射强度梯度、有效带宽及瞬时频度等。利用这种识别方法在该区找到水下分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体,为该区的岩性勘探部署提供了具体目标。     

重复压裂气井产能模拟研究

由于重复压裂气井原有裂缝的失效程度难以评价。导致重复压裂气井的产能预测常常有很大的误差。为此，根据重复压裂气井的压前产量和舍水率，拟合了原有裂缝的有效率，在考虑新裂缝和原有裂缝共同作用的情况下，建立了气、水两相平面二维的裂缝-油藏数学模型，通过对模型的数值求解，对重复压裂气井进行了产能评价。研究表明，在考虑新、老裂缝共同作用下的产能评价方法，能更为准确地预测重复压裂后的生产动态情况，对压裂时机的确定、压后经济效益的预测都具有重要的指导意义。     

基于免疫--蚂蚁算法的多约束QoS路由选择

针对多约束QoS路由选择问题,将其转化为一个多约束赋权图最短路径问题,选择费用、带宽、时延、丢失率为QoS参数。借鉴人体免疫系统的适应能力和蚂蚁算法的全局寻优能力提出了一种新的融合算法即免疫——蚂蚁算法。免疫算法把目标函数和制约条件作为抗原,目标函数的优化解对应为抗体,使得求解过程的收敛方向得以控制;利用蚂蚁算法产生和更新抗体,抗体交叉、变异操作以及对与抗原亲和力高的抗体进行记忆,均能促进快速求解。实验结果表明:免疫——蚂蚁算法表现出了超越免疫算法和蚂蚁算法的优点,大幅度提高了路由选择的效率。     

用一种免疫遗传算法求解频率分配问题

频率分配是一NP完全问题,本文用一种基于免疫调节机制的免疫遗传算法来求解.该算法结构类似于遗传算法;核心思想是将个体集构造为抗体网络,利用免疫浓度调节机制在个体层次调节个体的多样性,同时利用免疫网络调节理论在种群层次调整个体多样性和群体收敛性之间的动态平衡,从而克服了一般遗传算法的不足.本文同时用该算法解决固定频率分配和最小跨度频率分配问题,取得了较好的效果.     

基于AT89C2051的单户可视对讲门铃室内分机的设计

本文介绍一种基于单片机AT89C2501的单户可视对讲门铃室内分机的工作原理及软、硬件的设计与实现方法。     

PCM/FM遥测系统中用于去除多谱勒频率和载波频偏的新方法

本文首先分析了均匀采样二阶DPLL(Digital Phase-Locked Loop)误差传递函数的特性,并基于均匀采样二阶DPLL误差传递函数的高通特性提出了脉冲编码调制/调频(PCM/FM)遥测系统中用于去除多谱勒频率和载波频偏的新方法;然后给出了设计实例和相应的计算机仿真结果;最后给出了有效的实现方法。计算机仿真结果表明,基于均匀采样二阶DPLL误差传递函数的高通特性用于去除多谱勒频率和载波频偏的方法是可行的。     

反铁磁晶体的红外频率特性

研究了红外频段非线性s偏振表面波在反铁磁晶体和电介质交界面上的频率特性，求出了非线性色散方程，揭示了非线性s偏振表面波存在一个临界频率，低于这个频率，非线性s偏振表面波的频率范围，发现功率不再是决定导波频率范围的唯一因素，两种材料的介电常数比在这里起了至关重要的作用。     

Characterization and optimization of copper chemical mechanical planarization

The feature scale planarization of the copper chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process has been characterized for two copper processes using Hitachi 430-TU/Hitachi T605 and Cabot 5001/Arch Cu10K consumables. The first process is an example of an abrasive-free polish with a high-selectivity barrier slurry, while the second is an example of a conventional abrasive slurry with a low-selectivity barrier slurry. Copper fill planarization has been characterized for structures with conformal deposition as well as with bumps resulting from bottom-up fill. Dishing and erosion were characterized for several structures after clearing. The abrasive-free polish resulted in low sensitivity to overpolish and low saturation levels for dishing and erosion. Consequently, this demonstrated superior performance when compared to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2000 roadmap targets for planarization. While the conventional slurry could achieve the 0.13-μm technology node requirements, the abrasive-free polish met the planarization requirements beyond the 0.10-μm technology node.     

一种实现最佳用户检测的非线性优化神经网络

本文提出并讨论了实现码分多址（CDMA）系统上最佳多用户检测（MUD）的一种神经网络方法。该方法通过将最佳多用户检测视为非线性优化组合问题，利用神经网络能有效求解非线性优化问题的优势，导出了一种非线性优化神经网络来实现最佳多用户检测，理论分析和计算机模拟表明，所提出的神经网络具有可实时应用的动态性能和较传统方法优越得多的误码率性能和抗多址干扰的性能。