教育盛衰与王朝周期律

教育发展周期比王朝盛衰周期长。在同一教育发展周期内，王朝的衰落带来教育发展的小幅波动，新王朝创立之后能在较短的时间内修复原有的教育结构。而当教育结构自身开始坍塌的时候，王朝的衰落则明显加快这一坍塌的过程。教育结构的重建一般需要几个世纪，这一时期内王朝频繁更替，教育与王朝政治处于两衰的恶性循环中。教育与王朝政治的依存关系形成于春秋战国，巩固于西汉。僵硬的教育结构与人的创造力构成持续的冲突，最终导致教育结构的坍塌。     

弧焊电源的焊接电流、负载持续率和发热试验

详细分析了弧焊电源不同负载持续率下的焊接电流折算关系、发热试验电源热时间常数的测定。对发热试验中容易被忽视、但会造成较大的系统误差的问题提出了注意点和相应的解决办法。     

不可逆量子斯特林热泵循环性能分析与优化

建立了以一维无限深势阱中极端相对论粒子为工质的不可逆量子斯特林热泵循环模型。考虑高低温热源之间的热漏,导出了循环的性能系数与无量纲泵热率的表达式。分析了循环性能与各性能参数之间的关系。研究发现,热泵的性能系数与无量纲泵热率都随粒子在状态1进处于激收态上的占有几度单调递减,性能系数与无量纲泵热率都是势阱宽度比的凸单调函数。无量纲泵热率关于性能系数的关系曲线为回原点的扭叶型,并确定了该不可逆量子斯特林热泵的最优运行区间。     

中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放相互影响建模分析

煤电在中国电力供应结构中占据主导地位,其环境影响是研究热点之一。建立中国煤电生命周期二氧化碳和大气污染物排放分析模型,基于文献调研构建参数数据库,测算中国煤电的单位发电量排放。结果表明,近年来中国煤电生命周期单位发电量的CO₂、SO₂、NO_x和PM_2.5排放分别为838.6 g/（kW·h）、0.34 g/（kW·h）、0.32 g/（kW·h）和0.08 g/（kW·h）。其中煤电单位发电量大气污染物排放,比实施超低排放改造前,下降幅度超过90%。研究发现,增大单机机组规模和进行超低排放改造能够有效降低煤电发电过程的大气污染物排放,采用煤电燃烧后碳捕集和存储(carbon capture and storage, CCS)处理技术能够使煤电CO₂排放下降到144 g/（kW·h）,助力碳中和目标实现。如果不采用更加严格的大气污染物排放标准和处理方式,CCS技术可能会使煤电大气污染物排放强度上升30%~40%,这与碳捕集过程使用的技术有关。     

Proinflammatory Interleukin-33 Induces Dichotomic Effects on Cell Proliferation in Normal Gastric Epithelium and Gastric Cancer

Interleukin (IL)-33 is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 family of cytokines linked to the development of inflammatory conditions and cancer in the gastrointestinal tract. This study is designed to investigate whether IL-33 has a direct effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1), the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line (AGS), and the gastric carcinoma cell line (NCI-N87) by assessing its role in the regulation of cell proliferation, migration, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Cell cycle regulation was also determined in ex vivo gastric cancer samples obtained during endoscopy and surgical procedures. Cell lines and tissue samples underwent stimulation with rhIL-33. Proliferation was assessed by XTT and CFSE assays, migration by wound healing assay, and apoptosis by caspase 3/7 activity assay and annexin V assay. Cell cycle was analyzed by means of propidium iodine assay, and gene expression regulation was assessed by RT-PCR profiling. We found that IL-33 has an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect on cancer cell lines, and it can stimulate proliferation and reduce apoptosis in normal epithelial cell lines. These effects were also confirmed by the analysis of cell cycle gene expression, which showed a reduced expression of pro-proliferative genes in cancer cells, particularly in genes involved in G0/G1 and G2/M checkpoints. These results were confirmed by gene expression analysis on bioptic and surgical specimens. The aforementioned results indicate that IL-33 may be involved in cell proliferation in an environment- and cell-type-dependent manner.     

Simulated Microgravity Inhibits the Proliferation of Chang Liver Cells by Attenuation of the Major Cell Cycle Regulators and Cytoskeletal Proteins

Simulated microgravity (SMG) induced the changes in cell proliferation and cytoskeleton organization, which plays an important factor in various cellular processes. The inhibition in cell cycle progression has been considered to be one of the main causes of proliferation inhibition in cells under SMG, but their mechanisms are still not fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SMG on the proliferative ability and cytoskeleton changes of Chang Liver Cells (CCL-13). CCL-13 cells were induced SMG by 3D clinostat for 72 h, while the control group were treated in normal gravity at the same time. The results showed that SMG reduced CCL-13 cell proliferation by an increase in the number of CCL-13 cells in G0/G1 phase. This cell cycle phase arrest of CCL-13 cells was due to a downregulation of cell cycle-related proteins, such as cyclin A1 and A2, cyclin D1, and cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (Cdk6). SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells also exhibited a downregulation of α-tubulin 3 and β-actin which induced the cytoskeleton reorganization. These results suggested that the inhibited proliferation of SMG-exposed CCL-13 cells could be associate with the attenuation of major cell cycle regulators and main cytoskeletal proteins.     

Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 29 Regulates Cdc25A-Mediated Tumorigenesis

Cell division cycle 25A (Cdc25A) is a dual-specificity phosphatase that is overexpressed in several cancer cells and promotes tumorigenesis. In normal cells, Cdc25A expression is regulated tightly, but the changes in expression patterns in cancer cells that lead to tumorigenesis are unknown. In this study, we showed that ubiquitin-specific protease 29 (USP29) stabilized Cdc25A protein expression in cancer cell lines by protecting it from ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. The presence of USP29 effectively blocked polyubiquitination of Cdc25A and extended its half-life. CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockdown of USP29 in HeLa cells resulted in cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase. We also showed that USP29 knockdown hampered Cdc25A-mediated cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, NSG nude mice transplanted with USP29-depleted cells significantly reduced the size of the tumors, whereas the reconstitution of Cdc25A in USP29-depleted cells significantly increased the tumor size. Altogether, our results implied that USP29 promoted cell cycle progression and oncogenic transformation by regulating protein turnover of Cdc25A.     

Robust Superhydrophobic Fabric for Durability,Self-Cleaning,and Oil/Water Separation via Thiol–Acrylate Polymerization

In recent years, highly efficient oil/water separation materials have brought much attention. It requests superhydrophobic surfaces with a rapid and facile separation process, excellent durability, and large-scale fabrication. Herein, a facile vapor-liquid sol-gel, and free radical polymerization reaction method to prepare the durable and robust superhydrophobic cotton fabric is proposed. Moreover, the fabric can be used for highly efficient and various oil/water separation. It is prepared via a simple two-step process, including a vapor-liquid sol-gel process to deposit with thiols particles, and then followed a free radical polymerization reaction to graft 2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluorobutyl methacrylate. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry prove that the rough structures are generated from the hydrolysis condensation reaction between tetraethyl orthosilicate and 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane. As a result, the synthetic chemical composition provided by the natural fabric and silica nanoparticles synergistically construct a superhydrophobic surface with water contact angles and shedding angle of 158° and 9°, respectively. Additionally, the treated fabric exhibits excellent chemical resistance and self-cleaning ability. Remarkably, the fabric still retains superhydrophobic and excellent mechanical robustness after 30 cycles of various oil/water separation. In summary, the resultant fabrics with excellent chemical resistance, remarkable mechanical robustness, and versatile separation abilities have potential applications in various oil/water separations.     

强化三元混合熔盐的传热性能的实验研究

太阳能发电技术中传热性能的优劣影响着太阳能的利用程度。选用石墨作为强化相变材料传热性能的添加剂与三元混合熔盐（K₂CO₃-NaCl-Li₂CO₃）按照石墨质量分数为5%、10%、15%进行混合制备,使用TC3000通用型导热系数测试仪测定16种试样的导热系数。并测试经历300次循环储能、释能实验试样的导热系数循环稳定性。实验结果表明：添加石墨后的混合相变材料导热系数最高可提升至原混合材料的3.38倍,当石墨的质量分数为15%时,混合相变材料的导热系数最大。在经历300次储能、释能实验后,材料的导热系数基本保持稳定,变化浮动不高于15%。石墨作为强化材料的添加剂,可有效提升强化材料的传热性能,具有实际工程的应用价值。     

水泥窑低温有机朗肯循环联合发电技术

以某一新型二代水泥技术的7 000 t/d熟料生产线为例,单纯的采用汽水朗肯循环,存在热量回收不彻底,部分低品位余热资源无法有效回收等问题。采用汽水朗肯循环及有机朗肯循环联合发电系统的方案,结果表明：联合朗肯循环系统发电功率提高了614 kW,吨熟料发电量增加了2.1 kWh/kg,提高了8%;净发电功率提高了511 kW,净发电量实际提高了7.1%,提高了水泥余热回收的效率。