磁光/涡流实时成像检测系统的研究

介绍了磁光/涡流成像检测系统的基本工作原理及组成,给出了初步的实验结果,并对试验结果进行了相应的图像处理,实现了对表面及亚表面细小缺陷的可视化无损检测,克服了传统的涡流检测方法中探头尺寸相对较小而检测面积大,检测工作要消耗大量时间且不易操作的缺点,并具有探测结果可视化且直观易懂;易于保存;检测难度低;检测前不需要清除油漆等表面覆盖层,只需要保证待检测表面具有较好的反射性能;可对亚表面以及表面缺陷进行实时成像检测等优点。试验结果进一步验证了系统的正确性和重要性。     

涡轮桨搅拌槽内流动特性的大涡模拟

利用大涡模拟方法研究了涡轮桨搅拌槽内的流动特性,采用了三种亚格子模式:标准Smagorinsky-Lilly模式(SLM)、Smagorinsky-Lilly动力模式(DSLM)和亚格子动能动力模式(DKEM),并将模拟结果与标准k-ε模型及文献实验数据进行了详细的比较.结果表明:大涡模拟方法可获得搅拌槽内的瞬态流场;对桨叶区时均速度及湍流动能的预测与实验数据相吻合,比标准k-ε模型计算结果有明显改进,三种亚格子模型中DSLM和DKEM模拟结果更好.同时分析了大涡模拟中桨叶端部附近湍流动能估计偏差的原因,发现主要是由于对轴向湍流均方根速度的预测偏差造成的.大涡模拟方法为搅拌槽内非稳态、周期性的湍流流动和湍流特性的研究提供了强有力的工具.     

波浪型结节改形风机翼型的气动性能研究

采用大涡模拟湍流模型对前后缘波浪型结节改形风机翼型在雷偌数5×104下不同攻角的流动控制机理进行了数值研究。研究表明:相比于标准直翼型NACA0012,改形风机翼型在失速区得到了更平缓的升力曲线。在小攻角(α<12°)工况下,改形翼型的升力系数稍小,然而当攻角(α>12°)时,其升力系数明显提高,最高可达37%。改形翼型由于其前后缘沿展向呈正弦波浪型变化,在不同截面处的呈现出明显不同的尾迹结构,从而导致其表面自由剪切层发生扭曲。这种三维涡在其产生、发展以及推移过程中的相互作用,使得其三维尾迹涡结构在失速区能得到很好的控制,从而达到延迟流动分离及减小失速影响的目的。深入研究前后缘波浪型结节改形风机翼型尾迹结构的流动分布及物理特性等,对于揭示前后缘结节改形风机翼型流动控制机理具有非常重要的意义。     

Adapting an ultrasonic image threshold method to eddy current images and defining a validation domain of the thresholding method

This paper presents a generalization to eddy current images of a thresholding method developed for ultrasonic imaging. It is also shown how to improve the thresholding strength through the definition of a cooperation rule between two threshold assessment measures. This rule is also used to reduce time of calculus. These measures are calculated from the image cooccurrence matrix. The aim is to build a thresholding method that gives a threshold value but also an indicator which allows the operator to know if the methodology applies to the processed image. Examples of results are presented.     

蒸汽放空阀噪声传播分析及结构优化

针对某化工厂DN100-PN63蒸汽放空阀在开度0~60%的振动噪声问题,基于分离涡算法和MÖhring声类比理论,采用Fluent和Actran软件对开度为40%的阀门进行真实工况的流场和声场数值模拟分析,研究阀门内部流动情况及阀门内、外噪声分布情况,提出4种改进结构,并分别对其流场和声场进行深入的对比研究。结果表明：原结构阀门内部存在多处涡旋;阀内件和孔板的高马赫数(Ma＞0.2)区域约占90%,且存在超音速流动区域,极可能产生较大的冲击波并产生激波啸叫;离阀门及管道1 m处的噪声达116 dB(A),具有宽频特性,并有明显的四极子声源特点;与原结构相比,改进后的4种阀内件对涡旋的消失起到了促进作用,具有明显的降噪效果。     

燃料元件表面质量阵列涡流检测研究

介绍了阵列探头的原理及系统,研发出8通道品字形阵列探头,设计出标准试样,对阵列探头的覆盖能力、多通道信号统一评价方法、检出能力等开展了试验并进行分析。结果表明,阵列探头能够保证足够的覆盖率;采用多通道信号统一评价方法后,能够对不同通道的涡流信号进行有效的评价;能够检出燃料元件表面0.03mm深人工槽伤。验证试验表明,采用文中所述检测技术,能够有效发现不同深度的缺陷,检出误差0.01mm。     

翼型桨叶片尾涡结构的PIV实测与LES模拟研究

在塔径383 mm、高径比为1的翼型桨搅拌反应器内,采用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术和大涡模拟(LES)研究了一种翼型桨的叶片尾涡结构. 对比二维PIV技术测定的翼型桨搅拌反应器平均速度场数据,验证了LES方法的可靠性. 并通过叶片端的速度矢量场、叶片区内的涡量大小及湍动能分布清楚地识别了翼型桨叶片尾涡结构. 发现该叶片尾涡为单涡结构,其尾涡轴心轨迹几乎就在桨叶尖划过的圆柱面上. 此外,还探讨了叶片尾涡对湍动能分布、湍流特性等的影响,表明最大无因次湍动能k/Vtip2约为0.04~0.06,其位置约在0.5相似文献   

Rational design of heating elements using CFD: Application to a bench-scale adiabatic reactor

This article explores the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling for designing an oven which enables the adiabatic operation of a chemical reactor at bench-scale. For accomplishing this scope, the oven consists of electrical heating elements, air circulation system and a control loop that uses the temperature inside the reactor as set-point for the reactor wall temperature. Depending on the spatial configuration of the air flow and the heating elements, as well as the air flow rate, different temperature profiles within a given oven section are obtained, being appropriate those leading to uniform reactor wall temperatures and fast dynamic response. The use of CFD allows, by obtaining temperature maps within the oven, the selection of appropriate configurations. The optimal configuration adopted has been experimentally validated in a lab-scale adiabatic reactor working with both particulated and monolithic catalyst beds.     

An efficient birdcage resonator at 2.5 MHz using a novel multilayer self-capacitance construction technique

The birdcage resonator, well appreciated for its high signal-to-noise ratio and its magnetic field uniformity characteristics, operates efficiently in mid- to high-field MRI systems but, unfortunately not for low-field (<0.4 T) applications. The inherently low inductance of the birdcage architecture is the main obstacle to achieving low-frequency resonance because of the need to use very high-value capacitors for the tuning. Small-case-size, high-value ceramic capacitors are known to have high dissipation factors which when used in the fabrication of RF coils could result in poor efficiency. To overcome this limitation, a novel technique known as multilayer self-capacitance (MLSC) construction has been developed and a prototype 2.5-MHz bird-cage resonator of length 25 cm and diameter 20 cm has been built. The technique involves the modification of the leg sections of the conductors constituting the bird cage into integrated capacitors using very low-loss materials as dielectrics. The observed unloaded Q-factor was 267 using the MLSC construction, and when loaded with a 16-cm-diameter bottle of 0.45% saline, its Q dropped to 246, The RF field uniformity plots have demonstrated that the MLSC technique has no adverse effects on the magnetic field homogeneity of the bird-cage resonator.     

Fully Developed Turbulence of Power-Law Fluids in Circular Pipe Based on Large Eddy Simulation

幂律流体圆管湍流的大涡模拟

王淑彦^1,2, 李淼¹, 王树青³, 李好婷¹, 陈羽佳¹, 马一玫¹, 孙启冀¹

（1.东北石油大学 石油工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

2.提高采收率教育部重点实验室（东北石油大学）, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

3.中国石油大庆油田股份有限公司第四采油厂, 黑龙江 大庆 163511）

摘 要：本文采用动态亚格子模型,对幂律流体在圆管内的充分发展湍流流动进行了大涡模拟（LES）,得到了不同幂律指数下的湍流流动信息。文中分析了平均轴向速度、脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力等随着幂律指数增加的变化趋势,得出随着幂律指数的增加对数区的平均轴向速度减小,脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力的值增大,模拟结果表明剪切稀化流体比剪切稠化流体的非牛顿特征更明显。同时对湍流流动的高阶统计量（偏斜因子和平坦因子）进行了分析,结果表明随着幂律指数的减小,轴向脉动的偏斜因子和平坦因子在近壁面区增大,随着幂律指数的减小轴向脉动的间歇性和非对称性更强。不同幂律指数下的湍流流动变化明显,进一步说明了幂律指数对幂律流体的湍流流动有重要影响。模拟结果与直接数值模拟结果吻合较好,证实了大涡模拟可以用来预测较大雷诺数情况下幂律流体流动的湍流特性。

关键词：大涡模拟;幂律流体;充分发展湍流