大庆油田水平井分流压裂技术

水平井分流压裂的技术原理是将水平井的水平段分成若干个单元，在每个单元的最佳部位进行射孔，每段的射孔数由孔径、单元数、设计施工排量等参数决定，射孔方案为压裂方案的有机组成部分。大庆油田已有5口水平井实施分流压裂，根据油层厚度分为两类：裂缝限制在油层内和裂缝穿透隔层贯穿多个薄油层。通过肇57-平35井和肇57-平33井进行的分流压裂贯穿多个油层现场试验，介绍了大庆油田水平井分流压裂的设计方法、压裂液体系、现场施工控制方法和效果分析方法。微地震裂缝监测结果表明，在最大施工排量7．5m^3／mim条件下，一次施工形成3～4条裂缝，加砂量最大达到75m^3（陶粒），平均砂比达到35％以上。水平井采用分流压裂技术施工后，初期产能可达到相邻直井压裂后产能的2．0倍以上。如何检测裂缝是否穿透了隔层并贯穿多个油层，是指导水平井分流压裂技术的选井选层，提高压裂效果的关键技术。图8表2参2。     

Influence of composition on the biochemical and sensory characteristics of commercial Cheddar cheese of variable quality and fat content

Ten commercial Cheddar cheeses of variable quality differing in fat content and age were subjected to compositional, proteolytic, lipolytic and sensory analyses. The compositional parameters of the full-fat cheeses were predominantly outside those typically associated with good-quality cheese. Sensory analysis discriminated the full-fat cheeses predominantly by age, with the longer ripened cheeses associated with more negative attributes, some which appeared to be due to excessive lipolysis and/or β-casein breakdown. Both proteolysis and lipolysis appear to be age dependent. The two reduced-fat cheeses were clearly discriminated from the eight full-fat cheeses by sensory analysis that appeared to be due to differences in composition and the extent of lipolysis.     

小浪底水库调水调沙运用对大坝变形的影响分析

自2002年以来,小浪底水库汛前利用预泄汛限水位以上水量、腾空防洪库容的有利时机,连续5年进行集中调水调沙,获得了巨大的减淤效益.但在调水调沙期间,由于大流量下泄,水库水位下降较快,大坝变形明显增大,表现为水平位移向上游变化、垂直位移加速沉降变化的特点.监测分析结果表明,调水调沙运用不影响大坝安全稳定运行.     

特大型地下厂房岩壁梁锚杆和混凝土施工技术及质量控制

岩壁梁是一种新型结构，为通过一定深度的锚杆将钢筋混凝土梁固定在地下厂房两侧的岩壁上，而吊车荷载则通过锚杆和钢筋混凝土与岩石接触面的摩擦力传到岩体上，形成岩壁梁和岩体共同受力的结构。岩壁梁是地下厂房施工和运行的核心建筑物，岩壁梁锚杆和混凝土的施工质量是直接关系到岩壁梁成败的关键，所以施工技术和施工质量均要求极高，是地下厂房系统施工的重点和难点。本文介绍了瀑布沟水电站地下厂房岩壁梁锚杆和混凝土施工的关键技术及质量控制经验，可供同类工程借鉴参考。     

焦化生产中含硫容器自燃氧化倾向性分析

分析了炼焦化工生产过程中硫的分布和存在形态、硫铁化合物自燃的影响因素,提出了防止储罐、管道等设备自燃事故的安全控制方法.     

隔壁精馏塔分离芳烃混合物的模拟研究

采用隔壁精馏塔分离苯-甲苯-对二甲苯物系,用Aspen Plus软件模拟了隔壁精馏塔内温度分布及液相组成分布,考察了汽相和液相分配比对产品纯度的影响。对隔壁精馏塔模拟得到的优化操作条件为:隔壁精馏塔的理论板数为30块,侧线采出在第14块理论板,进料段为15块理论板,在进料段的第7块理论板进料,进料组成n(苯)∶n(甲苯)∶n(对二甲苯)为1∶3∶1,回流比为8.8,液相分配比为2.96,汽相分配比为0.83。在此条件下,各组分的摩尔分数大于98.5%,与实验结果基本吻合。当进料组成n(苯)∶n(甲苯)∶n(对二甲苯)为1∶3∶1时,采用隔壁精馏塔可比常规两塔流程节能27.18%。     

Optimization of metal-based multilayers for transparent heat mirrors

Multilayer calculations by conventional matrix methods for dielectricum/noble metal/dielectricum systems on glass have been performed. The aim has been to maximize the integrated parameters for solar transmission, T_sol, and transmission of visible light, T_eye We have found that Ag is superior for maximizing the transmittance over the narrow visible wavelength range owing to the low internal absorptance. When solar energy transmission is considered multilayers based on Au are the best choice for metal film thicknesses above 15 nm. For thinner films, Ag is still to be preferred.     

土壤源热泵原理及工程实例介绍

简述土壤源热泵基本工作原理、埋管形式、优势及实用性,工程实例介绍北京九华山庄二期土壤热泵系统的设计、施工、调试情况,阐述了选择复合式系统的理由。     

Activity measurement of the constituents in molten Fe–B and Fe–B–C alloys

The distribution ratios of Fe and B between molten Fe–B alloy and molten Ag were measured at temperatures between 1573 and 1923 K. Also, distribution ratios of Fe and B between molten Fe–B–C_satd. alloys and molten Ag were measured at 1873 K. It was found that the excess Gibbs free energy of mixing in molten Fe–B and Fe–B–C alloys can be expressed by utilizing the Redlich–Kister polynomial. The activity curves of the elements in molten Fe–B alloy and Fe–B–C alloy were estimated.     

优化改造油田生产工艺 增产增效提高环保水平——涠洲11-4油田生产工艺优化改造实践

油田生产水处理和海管输油能力不足是制约涠洲11-4油田生产和影响生产安全的瓶颈问题。合理利用油田原有设施和条件,对生产水处理系统和输油管道系统进行工艺优化改造,使该油田B平台海管运行的安全可靠性得以明显提高,并使油田生产水处理能力和处理质量得到有效改善,同时大幅度降低了油田生产成本,拓宽了油田增产挖潜的空间。涠洲11-4油田优化改造生产工艺实践经验,可为进一步拓宽海上老油气田的生产管理思路提供参考。