太阳能热管的研制和应用

介绍了太阳能热管发展的社会背景和历史沿革、太阳能热管单管的工质选择和管壳结构、热管式真空集热管的结构特点及太阳能热管在热水器中的应用     

火烧驱油物理模型的研究及应用

为配合火烧驱油的矿场试验 ,胜利油田有限公司采油工艺研究院研制了火烧驱油物理模型。模型主要由模型本体、注气系统、注水系统、油气分离系统、测量与控制系统 5部分组成。大量的室内和矿场模拟试验表明 ,这种物理模型具有立式和卧式模型两种功能 ,可模拟不同地层条件下湿式和干式火烧驱油试验。分析研究模拟试验数据不仅可加深对火烧驱油机理的认识 ,而且对现场火烧驱油试验具有指导意义     

储层石蜡沉积预测技术研究与应用

在油田开发过程中 ,由于油藏温度、压力等条件的变化 ,高含蜡原油在近井带容易产生石蜡沉积 ,堵塞地层孔隙或裂缝 ,严重影响油田开采 ,尤其对于低渗油田 ,伤害特别严重。文中应用理想溶液理论、质量守恒和能量守恒等基本原理 ,建立更符合油田实际情况的油藏中石蜡沉积预测数学模型 ,开发一套方便实用的油藏中石蜡沉积预测软件系统FPOS1 0。在此基础上 ,应用室内实验数据和现场数据对吉林新民油田油井石蜡沉积情况进行预测和现场拟合 ,确定新民油田临界石蜡沉积半径为 2 5m ,快速、准确地为现场清防蜡措施提供理论依据。     

Tree-shaped flow structures designed by minimizing path lengths

This paper outlines a direct route to the construction of effective tree-shaped flow structures. Dendritic flow structures dominate the design of natural and engineered flow systems, especially in thermal and fluid systems. The starting point is the optimization of the shape of each elemental area or volume, such that the length of the flow path housed by the element is minimized. Proceeding toward larger and more complex structures - from elements, to first constructs, second constructs, etc. - the paper develops tree-shaped flow structures between one point and a straight line, one point and a plane, a circle and its center, and a point and many points distributed uniformly over an area. In the latter, the construction method is applied to a fluid flow configuration with laminar fully developed flow. The constructions reveal several features that are supported by empirical observations of natural tree-shaped flows: asymmetry, flow rate imbalance, pairing or bifurcation, angles between branches, and Y-shaped constructs that lie in a plane. It is shown that these basic features are necessary because of “packing”, i.e., assembling optimized elements into a fixed space, and filling the space completely. For the flow between an area and one point, the best elemental shape is the regular hexagon. It is shown that the emergence of string-shaped links that connect two or more elements are necessary features, which are also required by packing. Strings cover some of the inner zones of the tree network, particularly the inner zones of large and complex trees. Dichotomous Y-shaped constructs dominate the tree structure, especially the peripheral zones of the tree canopy. The practical importance of the simplified design method is discussed.     

Model checker aided design of a controller for a wafer scanner

For a case-study of a wafer scanner from the semiconductor industry it is shown how model checking techniques can be used to compute (1) a simple yet optimal deadlock avoidance policy, and (2) an infinite schedule that optimizes throughput. in the absence of errors. Deadlock avoidance is studied based on a simple finite state model using Smv, and for throughput analysis a more detailed timed automaton model has been constructed and analyzed using the Uppaal tool. The Smv and Uppaal models are formally related through the notion of a stuttering bisimulation. The results were obtained within 2 weeks, which confirms once more that model checking techniques may help to improve the design process of realistic, industrial systems. Methodologically, the case study is interesting since two models were used to obtain results that could not have been obtained using only a single model. Supported by the European Community Project IST-2001-35304 (Ametist), http://ametist.cs.utwente.nl/.     

串扰耦合的低频分析有效性及阻抗特性研究

从传输线模型出发，分析了二平行直导线间串扰的低频模型有效性，得出允许3dB误差的条件下，低频模型在工程计算串扰中的电学短线和频率足够小的具体限值；同时分析了端接阻抗大小对串扰耦合的影响。对电磁兼容性中的串扰耦合的工程应用有实际指导和参考意义。     

基于Agent的分布式查询优化研究

Internet上异构的软硬件环境以及多种并行机制对分布式查询优化技术提出了新的挑战，文章将分布式人工智能与数据库管理系统两个研究领域相结合，给出了基于Agent的分布式查询优化系统模型，在该系统中，Agent采用了典型的慎思型体系结构，即BDI模.Agent具有信念库，目标库并在此基础上进行学习和推理，多个Agent之间通过协调，协作以及协商以支持分布式数据库系统的动态查询优化和规划的执行，提高系统的查询效率。     

A time aggregation approach to Markov decision processes

We propose a time aggregation approach for the solution of infinite horizon average cost Markov decision processes via policy iteration. In this approach, policy update is only carried out when the process visits a subset of the state space. As in state aggregation, this approach leads to a reduced state space, which may lead to a substantial reduction in computational and storage requirements, especially for problems with certain structural properties. However, in contrast to state aggregation, which generally results in an approximate model due to the loss of Markov property, time aggregation suffers no loss of accuracy, because the Markov property is preserved. Single sample path-based estimation algorithms are developed that allow the time aggregation approach to be implemented on-line for practical systems. Some numerical and simulation examples are presented to illustrate the ideas and potential computational savings.     

CDMA时变色散信道的两级盲辨识算法

本文通过对时变信道的扩展函数在时频域进行正则采样，得到了CDMA时变系统的离散正则模型。针对该模型提出了一种具有较低运算量的两级盲辨识算法。为避免两级算法产生的误差传播效应，文章将理想SIMO模型等效为加性噪声模型来处理。与基展开模型方法相比，该算法具有不需利用观测数据的高阶统计量估计展开基频率的优点。文章通过仿真验证了该算法是可行的。     

Analyses of the practical adhesion strengths of the metal/polymer interfaces in electronic packaging

There is a plethora of techniques to measure the adhesion strength of metal/polymer interfaces. However, the practical adhesion strength, which is the work done in separating the film from the substrate (or one film from another), is very sensitive to the test methods and the mechanical effects, such as the residual stress, thickness and mechanical properties of the layers, strain rate, and phase angle. Deriving intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interfaces, which are independent of such parameters, from the practical adhesion-strength measurements is a formidable task. In the present work, data from the three commonly used adhesion tests; pull-out, 90°-peel, and T-peel tests are compared with the intrinsic-adhesion properties of the interface, such as the interface-fracture toughness or the interface-fracture energy, and their implications are discussed. Material systems analyzed were Cu-based lead frame/epoxy-molding compound (EMC) and Cu/Cr/polyimide.