High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

Two years of operational use of Subpixel Automatic Navigation of AVHRR scheme: accuracy assessment and validation

Automated techniques for satellite imagery navigation and co-location are especially required for environmental monitoring activities intensively using satellite data. In this work are presented the results obtained after 2 years of operational use of the Subpixel Automatic Navigation of AVHRR (SANA) scheme. An automatic method for accuracy assessment of satellite navigation techniques, which permits a preliminary evaluation of their performances, dealing with a large collection of test images is also proposed. The navigation accuracy assessment, performed by using a selection of small islands as reference points, is discussed.Results achieved over more than 400 Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) scenes confirm that the SANA scheme is a very accurate one (computed mean navigation error is generally about one AVHRR pixel). Furthermore, because of its high processing speed, it can be considered a suitable tool for intensive satellite data processing in multitemporal analyses, especially required for environmental studies as well as for operational monitoring purposes.     

资产管理模型及其应用

简要介绍了水电厂资产管理系统的构成，从中引出了以设备为中心、以工作单为主线的资产管理模型，并说明了该模型在水电厂资产管理系统中的应用效果。     

严格环境管理提高环境意识

环境伴随着经济的发展越来越体现了它的重要性,全社会应重视环境、保护环境,以预防为主,加强综合治理,使我们的天更蓝、水更净、草更绿,到处充满着春的意境.     

Balancing energy and environment: The effect and perspective of management instruments in China

The rapid growth of Chinese economy has tremendously stimulated the expansion of energy consumption. The structure of energy consumption in China is featured with the coal domination. Air pollution is becoming increasingly severe. As a result, we are confronted with the extremely arduous task to balance energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to coordinate the relationship between energy consumption and environmental protection in a strategic way, this paper analyzes comprehensively the instruments, effects and perspectives of energy-related environmental management. Meanwhile, this paper illustrates the barriers and challenges facing the energy and energy-related environmental management in China, and suggests a priority strategy of management instrument, mainly composed of energy-saving, optimization of energy structure, promulgation of environmental standards, advance in environmental technologies, internalization of environmental costs, establishment of a public benefit fund and adoption of a Renewable Portfolio System.     

A calibration method for the energy-integrating function in photovoltaic system monitoring

Solar radiation has an irregularly varying factor due to a basic day and night cycle and climatic conditions. For such conditions a data sampling interval is important to ensure the accuracy of energy monitoring in a photovoltaic system. While treating a system monitoring equipment as a black box. the author has developed the method of calibrating an energy-integrating function. At first for various input waveforms, the relationship between sampling intervals and quasi-integration outputs have been examined by trapezoidal rule. In the numerical simulation the phases of the sampling clock also are considered Then it is concluded that a sampling interval can be inspected through outside observation only by using a rectangular single pulse. By applying the pulse to the energy-integrating process, two kinds of integrated outputs can be obtained for different sampling phases. The calculated difference between both outputs can uniquely give the sampling interval being inspected. Conditions to ensure measuring accuracy are discussed and the validity of this method has been demonstrated experimentally. Practical calibrating procedures also are proposed for the integrating function of PV system monitoring.     

基于TMS320F2801 DSP新型电压监测仪的设计

针对目前普遍使用的电压监测仪在运行中存在的问题,从硬件及电气回路分析不足之处,提出基于TMS320F2801 DSP的改进型电压监测仪。     

3G技术在地震网络系统的安全应用价值探析

从地震的发生频率上来看,我国是一个多发的国家。同时在地震中由于受到各种灾害而引起的损失也是最严重的。所以,对地震的信号进行实时性监测并完成信号数据的快速传输必须要应用先进的技术手段。文章主要介绍的就是目前应用十分广泛的3G技术在地震的网络系统中的安全应用。     

重症监护病房紧急状况预警算法

重症监护病房中的病人身体状况通常很不稳定,常出现各种需要医护人员介入治疗的紧急状况。由于医疗资源有限,医护人员可能无法及时发现并处理这些紧急状况,给病人的存活率带来严重的负面影响。如果可以预测这些紧急状况的发生,并及时通知相关医护人员,将大大提高病人的存活率。常见重症监护病房紧急状况包括突然死亡、败血症、肺部感染、急性低血压、以及器官衰竭等。紧急状况预警建模主要采用病人的长时间生命体征监测数据,预测在一定时间之后发生某种紧急状况的可能性。预警模型所采用的监测数据分为静态数据、事件数据和时间序列数据等三类。静态数据具有容易采集、但预测准确性偏低的特点。事件数据或时间序列数据、以及多种类型数据的混合数据对于紧急状况预警模型的预测性能的提高有重要作用,将会获得更广泛的应用。     

电视监控系统云台控制器设计

电视监控系统是一种典型的分布式计算机信号采集系统。为了提高监控的范围和效果,云台控制器的优劣直接影响监控的范围和效果,因此对云台控制器的设计具有重要的意义。本系统采用串型通信,通过Modbus协议把控制信号输入单片机,经过对AT89S52单片机的编程,从而对八路继电器输出进行控制。系统不仅结构简单,而且还可以方便的对镜头、防护罩的控制进行扩展,功能强大,可以广泛应用于电视监控系统中的云台控制。