Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on the microstructure and superplasticity of an Al-Li alloy

This research investigates the use of equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) processing to produce a superplastic form of the aluminum alloy 2098. The starting material was a hot-rolled and precipitation-hardened plate with elongated grains of width 67–92 μm, and a composition in weight percent of 2.2% Li, 1.3% Cu, 0.73% Mg, 0.05% Zr, balance Al. Microstructural evolution was investigated with optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and microhardness measurements after each step of a multipass ECAE process. ECAE produced a submicron grain structure with an average size of about 0.5 μm. The sub-grain microstructure size was a function of the magnitude of the input strain and the extrusion temperature. Misorientation angles of the developed submicron structure increase with increasing number of passes at warm working temperatures. Superplastic behavior of the ECAE-processed alloy was achieved. However, the low zirconium content of the 2098 alloy resulted in grain growth of the refined structure at the superplastic processing temperatures, placing a lower limit on the deformation rates that can be used.     

Precision Oncology via NMR-Based Metabolomics: A Review on Breast Cancer

Precision oncology is an emerging approach in cancer care. It aims at selecting the optimal therapy for the right patient by considering each patient’s unique disease and individual health status. In the last years, it has become evident that breast cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease, and therefore, patients need to be appropriately stratified to maximize survival and quality of life. Gene-expression tools have already positively assisted clinical decision making by estimating the risk of recurrence and the potential benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. However, these approaches need refinement to further reduce the proportion of patients potentially exposed to unnecessary chemotherapy. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics has demonstrated to be an optimal approach for cancer research and has provided significant results in BC, in particular for prognostic and stratification purposes. In this review, we give an update on the status of NMR-based metabolomic studies for the biochemical characterization and stratification of breast cancer patients using different biospecimens (breast tissue, blood serum/plasma, and urine).     

纯铝等径角挤技术（I）——显微组织演化

研究了纯铝在 3种 (A、B和C)不同等径角挤工艺中的显微组织演化。结果表明 :纯铝经过等径角挤压变形后 ,其显微组织特征与加工路线有很大的关系。提出了立方元素扭转模型 ,分析了 3种不同加工路线的剪切面和剪切方向 ,较好地解释了采用 3种不同路线挤压后材料显微组织的演化规律。在路线C(各道次挤压间试样旋转 180°)中 ,每次挤压样品总是在相同的剪切面上发生剪切 ,每相邻道次之间的剪切方向相反 ,前一次变形产生的剪切应变被随后紧接着的下一次挤压所抵消 ,这导致了多余的剪切应变 ;在路线A(各道次挤压间试样不旋转 )中 ,有两个相交成 6 0°的剪切面 ,剪切交替地在两个剪切面上进行 ;在路线B(各道次挤压间试样旋转 90°)中 ,存在 4个不同的剪切面和剪切方向 ,挤压交替地在 4个剪切面上进行 ,X ,Y和Z平面上的晶粒都发生了剪切 ,这有利于等轴晶结构的形成     

等误差直线逼近非圆曲线节点计算新方法

传统的等误差直线逼近法从被逼曲线的端点开始计算节点.文章在此基础上提出一种非圆曲线节点计算新方法,以被逼曲线曲率半径最小点开始,按等误差法求取节点,再根据曲线规律对节点重新进行排序,输出节点坐标值.用该种方法逼近曲线,在逼近误差等于等误差法逼近误差的条件下,节点数少于等误差法求得的节点数,文中用C语言编写新方法求取节点程序,并与传统方法进行比较,最后用曲线方程进行验证,结论正确,具有实际意义.     

从第14届国际电加工学术会议看电火花加工技术的发展趋势

结合第14届国际电加工学术会议和国内外电火花加工技术的最新进展，以一些最新的应用实例系统地综述了电火花加工技术的发展趋势。     

Monte-carlo modeling of grain growth in Zr equal channel angular pressed and recrystallized

Grain boundary character distribution in equal-channel-angular pressed Zr was studied. Using a die design of 90°/20° and an operation temperature of 350°C. The initial grain size of 20 μm was reduced to about 270 nm with 4 passes via route B_c. The grain growth kinetics of the recrystallized state was obtained by experiment and Monte-Carlo computer simulation, respectively, which showed good agreement. Based on kinetics and morphological characteristics, it was concluded that the grain coarsening mechanism was governed by normal grain growth. No sign of abnormal grain growth was detected either in the experiment or in simulation despite taking into consideration anisotropy in grain boundary energy as well as its mobility. This indicates that grain boundaries produced by severely deformed Zr are stable against explosive coarsening. The evolution characteristics of the microstructure in the present ECA pressed and recrystallized Zr differed from those of cold rolled Ti in that the grain boundary misorientation distribution and texture were rather stable during grain growth. Jointly Appointed by the Center for Advanced Aerospace Materials This article is based on a presentation made in the 2002 Korea-US symposium on the “Phase Transformations of Nano-Materials,” organized as a special program of the 2002 Annual Meeting of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, held at Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea on October 25–26, 2002.     

齿轮精密成形精整毛坯设计

根据被整形工件的大小,提出优化的冷整形量,据此来确定冷整形前坯料的大小和温热成形时模具的参数。     

注射坯成形质量与尺寸精度的控制模型

注射坯的尺寸精度反映注射坯质量的好坏，并对控制其后脱脂和烧结过程缺陷和最终产品尺寸精度起着很关键的作用。文章基于烧结收缩各向同性的前提下，提出了通过注射坯质量偏差控制注射坯尺寸精度和注射坯质量的数学模型，并在实验中验证了这一模型的正确性。     

齿轮精锻的数值模拟与实验研究

本文对空心直齿圆柱齿轮的精锻成形过程进行三维刚塑性有限元模拟和实验研究。通过有限元数值模拟和实验研究 ,得出了直齿圆柱齿轮精锻过程的金属流动规律和变形力学特征 ,揭示了直齿圆柱齿轮精锻过程的变形机理 ,数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好     

EPS模陶瓷型精密铸造失模工艺研究

针对EPS陶瓷壳型精铸失模时容易裂壳的现象,对EPS消失模精密铸造工艺进行了研究。利用自制的膨胀率检测设备对不同密度的EPS模试样在不同加热温度下的最大膨胀率进行了测试,研究了壳型膨胀与失模温度之间的关系;对陶瓷壳型中EPS模失模时的温度场分布进行测量,发现EPS模试样的密度大小对失模时温度场有着很重要的影响。在试验和分析的基础上,对EPS模失模机制进行了探讨,提出了高温失模机制。高温失模有利于降低失模时对壳型的膨胀作用力,为获得洁净而健全的陶瓷型壳提供了可靠保证。