Viscous and Aeroelastic Effects on Wind Turbine Blades. The VISCEL project. Part I: 3D Navier–Stokes Rotor simulations

Aerodynamic modelling of HAWT rotors by means of “engineering methods” has reached a saddle point, where no further development can be expected without a breakthrough in understanding the physics of unsteady, rotating three‐dimensional flows. However, such a breakthrough becomes ever more necessary, as the size of the wind turbines increases. With the experimental work in that direction being mostly limited to observing the phenomena and interpreting the associated mechanisms, and its increased cost, alternatives are being sought. The use of CFD techniques and state‐of‐the‐art Navier–Stokes solvers is considered a very serious contender, a belief shared by the members of the present consortium, which has worked on the VISCEL JOR3‐CT98‐0208 Joule III project. This project's goal was to determine the aerodynamic characteristics as well as the aeroelastic behaviour of wind turbine blades across their broad range of operational conditions, from attached to highly separated flow regimes. The work programme included specific tasks for the validation and assessment of existing 3D solvers, for the parametric study of 3D flow around realistic blades and for the investigation of aeroelastic stability, at the blade section level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical modelling for scattering of waves in three-dimensional cracked material

In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for the problem of the scattering of plane waves in a three-dimensional cracked materials. Instead of obtaining closed-form solutions as in conventional theoretical analysis methods, this approach, called the Equivalent Nodal Force (ENF) method formulates the mechanical effects of cracks as an equivalent nodal force in a numerical procedure, and physically translates cracked material into an equivalent continuous one. Several mechanical relations between waves and cracks are evident from this method. Also the results of several numerical calculations are presented and these are compared with those obtained by the conventional methods.     

3-D gust effect factor for slender vertical structures

Original studies on gust factor buffeting dealt with the alongwind displacement of structures. Research on this topic carried out since the nineties followed two distinct lines: the first determines the maximum effects due to the alongwind response; the second extends the original method from the alongwind response to crosswind and torsional responses. This paper represents the junction point of these research lines with reference to cantilever slender vertical structures. It derives the most relevant effects associated with the three-dimensional (3-D) wind-excited response of this structural type and shows that a suitable definition of one non-dimensional quantity, referred to as the 3-D gust effect factor, provides such effects at any level through a wide set of experimental, numerical and analytical procedures. A new definition of a 3-D equivalent static force consistent with this method is also introduced and critically compared with previous analogous statements.     

Finite elements in the analysis of pressure vessels and piping-a bibliography (1976–1996)

The paper gives a bibliographical review of the finite element methods (FEMs) applied for the analysis of pressure vessel structures/components and piping from the theoretical as well as practical points of view. The range of applications of FEMs in this area is wide and cannot be presented in a single paper; therefore the aim of this review is to give the reader an encyclopaedic view of the differnt possibilities that exist today for the finite element analysis in the fields of pressure vessels and piping. The bibliography at the end of the paper contains approximately 1900 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations on the subject that were published in 1976–1996. These are classified in the following categories: linear and non-linear, static and dynamic, stress and deflection analysis; stability problems; thermal problems; fracture mechanics problems; contact problems; fluid-structure interaction problems; manufacturing of pipes and tubes; welded pipes and pressure vessel components; development of special finite elements for pressure vessels and pipes; finite element software; and other topics. Also finite element software, general purpose and special purpose codes, used for the analysis of pressure vessels and pipes are briefly discussed and presented.     

铸造Ti—0.2Pd合金SF—1000双级风机叶轮的研制

Ｔｉ－０．２Ｐｄ合金ＳＦ－１０００双级风机叶轮是大型盐酸再生设备的主要部件，采用整体铸造方法制造，无论在技术上还是经济上都是十分有利的。本文主要介绍采用加工石墨，铸铁组合型，真空电弧凝壳熔炼铸造工艺，成功地研制出整体铸造风机叶轮。     

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本文提供了计算凝析油当量气体体积的方法，并用于凝析气藏的凝析油含量，凝析油和干气地质储量的计算。     

玻璃钢管道的特点,设计原理及选用时的注意事项

本文旨在通过对玻璃钢管道及其标准的发展历史、产品特点、基本设计原理、质量影响因素及选用时应注意的事项等方面的介绍，使用户与工程设计人员对该产品有一个比较全面的了解，以便更好地选用并受益于这种管材。     

关于最优等效替代法的实质及其应用条件的研究

本文研究了经济分析基本方法之一最优等效替代法的实质,系统地导出了被评价方案的绝对经济指标与相对经济指标的关系,并结合典型案例分析指出了该方法的应用条件,对正确进行建设项目的经济评价具有现实意义。