Do Homeowners Have Higher Future Household Income?

Using longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) between 1984 and 2001 among only renter households in 1984, this paper looks at the relationship between length of homeownership thereafter during that period and household income in 2001. The study found that the longer the period of homeownership during the studied period, the higher future household income was by 2001. It is estimated that each year of ownership is associated with approximately 2 per cent of increase in household income and doubling the length of ownership increases household income by about 11 per cent.     

上海市中低收入家庭的住房承受能力与城市居住问题

针对目前上海中低收入家庭面临的居住困难,运用统计分析与理论分析相结合的方法,对城市居住结构中存在的问题进行了剖析,并提出了相应的建议,对我国大型城市面临的相关问题也有借鉴意义。     

建筑工程投标报价技巧的案例分析

报价是工程投标的核心.报价过高,会失去中标机会;报价过低,即使中标,也会给企业带来亏本风险.施工企业应从宏观角度对工程总报价进行控制,力求报价适中,提高中标率,获得较好的经济效益.本文结合工程投标报价案例,分析报价技巧,说明灵活应用报价技巧在投标中的重要性.     

Impact of accessibility on housing expenditure and affordability in Hong Kong's private rental sector

The expenditure on rental housing as aproportion of income is usually measured by therent-to-income ratio, which is the mostcommonly used affordability indicator, whilethe residual income approach is often taken asan alternative. This paper attempts toidentify the determinants of the rent-to-incomeratio, and to examine the impact ofaccessibility on affordability in the privaterental sector. Empirical results indicate notonly determinants of the rent-to-income ratiowould vary, but even the same variable wouldhave different impacts on the rent-to-incomeratio and hence on affordability for locationswith different accessibility. Although therent-to-income ratio in Hong Kong isconsiderably higher than in most other cities,results from the residual income approachindicate that the affordability problem is notsignificant, and that it has a strong link withaccessibility.     

Identification model of multi-layered neural network parameters and its applications in the petroleum production

This paper creates a LM (Levenberg-Marquardt) algorithm model which is appropriate to solve the problem about weights value of feedforward neural network. On the base of this model, we provide two applications in the oilfield production. Firstly, we simulated the functional relationships between the petrophysical and electrical properties of the rock by neural networks model, and studied oil saturation. Under the precision of data is confirmed, this method can reduce the number of experiments. Secondly, we simulated the relationships between investment and income by the neural networks model, and studied invest saturation point and income growth rate. It is very significant to guide the investment decision. The research result shows that the model is suitable for the modeling and identification of nonlinear systems due to the great fit characteristic of neural network and very fast convergence speed of LM algorithm.     

调整常州市城市供水价格的探讨

常州是水质型缺水城市,然而长期低廉的城市供水价格不仅严重影响节水型社会的建设,也制约了城市供排水行业的健康发展,水价改革势在必行。依据相关政策要求,通过调价空间的分析,以节约用水为经济杠杆,探讨在"十一五"期内建立符合常州实情的阶梯式水价体系。其中,生活用水的水价分为三个阶梯,第一阶梯确保基本需求,第二阶梯控制超额消费,第三级阶梯遏止奢侈浪费;生产用水及特种用水的阶梯式水费应以依据相关节水定额核定各企业的行业总量控制限额,并以此作为容量水价的一级计量,当企业用水超额在30%以内进入二级计量,超额在30%以上进入三级计量。     

The probabilistic nature of preferential choice.

Previous research has developed a variety of theories explaining when and why people's decisions under risk deviate from the standard economic view of expected utility maximization. These theories are limited in their predictive accuracy in that they do not explain the probabilistic nature of preferential choice, that is, why an individual makes different choices in nearly identical situations, or why the magnitude of these inconsistencies varies in different situations. To illustrate the advantage of probabilistic theories, three probabilistic theories of decision making under risk are compared with their deterministic counterparts. The probabilistic theories are (a) a probabilistic version of a simple choice heuristic, (b) a probabilistic version of cumulative prospect theory, and (c) decision field theory. By testing the theories with the data from three experimental studies, the superiority of the probabilistic models over their deterministic counterparts in predicting people's decisions under risk become evident. When testing the probabilistic theories against each other, decision field theory provides the best account of the observed behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

公租房保障对象收入申报管理研究

针对公租房租金流失问题,借鉴A-S模型分析思路,构建基于固定租金、比例租金和混合租金三种情景的公租房保障对象收入申报遵从理论分析框架,探讨提高抽查率、加大惩罚力度、提高奖励力度和增加收入等对保障对象的收入申报遵从行为的影响;最后,提出完善公租房保障对象收入申报机制的建议。     

两种输电定价机制下输电公司年收入波动风险分析

随着采用不同投资模式或融资方式的输电线路建设和投产,输电交易模式趋于复杂化。单一的电量输电定价机制无法适应不断发展的投资和市场运营环境以及输电投资回收的需要,两部制电价机制在原理上则更为适宜。在此背景下,对一部制电量输电定价和两部制输电定价进行了定量分析。首先简要介绍了一部制电量输电价格和两部制输电价格的特点及测算原理,然后对2种价格机制下输电公司的年收入及其波动情况进行了定量分析和比较,并给出了输电收入差值比、收入平均波动率等指标。然后,对两部制电价中输电公司年收入随容量费用分摊比例的变化情况进行了讨论。最后,对南方电网"西电东送"的实际案例进行了分析说明。研究结果表明,采用单一电量电价机制有利于在丰水年偏多时加快输电投资成本回收,而采用两部制电价机制则能够缓解未来枯水年偏多时收入不足的风险。     

基于期望损失指标的电力系统故障筛选和排序

为了避免在故障筛选与排序中只考虑故障的严重程度,提出了一种新的故障筛选和排序的方法。它是以动态安全域的求解为基础,以故障的期望损失作为筛选和排序的指标,同时考虑故障发生时电力系统的经济性与随机性两个方面,更符合实际情况。首先,根据经验故障集,用小范围解析法计算电力系统发生故障时的动态安全域,从而求解发生故障时的改进的概率不安全指标和期望损失,根据故障在故障集中的比例筛选出期望损失比较大的故障线路,将其放入筛选集中。然后,根据误差比例控制曲线,控制计算动态安全域的精度,重新计算筛选集中电力系统发生故障时的动态安全域、期望损失和它们所占的比例,依据此比例进行排序。通过IEEE10机39节点系统算例验证了该方法能够快速、全面、准确地实现故障的筛选与排序。