基于KELM-SAPSO的开关磁阻电机优化设计

开关磁阻电机由于其双凸极结构和铁芯磁通密度的高度饱和性,使得建立准确的非线性模型极其困难,传统的设计方法难以设计出最优方案。为了优化在起动过程中开关磁阻起动/发电机的转矩特性,缩短起动时间,首先采用传统设计方法设计了一台开关磁阻电机,并且选取了设计参数;然后针对非参数建模结构简单,容易辨识的特点利用核极限学习机进行非参数建模;最后使用模拟退火粒子群算法对平均转矩和转矩脉动进行多目标寻优。仿真结果表明,建立的非参数模型拟合精度高,优化后电机的平均转矩增加了3.95 N·m,转矩脉动减少0.23。仿真实验表明,核极限学习机和模拟退火粒子群相结合的算法适合于电机的设计与优化过程,具有参数设置少、泛化能力强、不易陷入局部最优解、耗时较少等优点。     

极端外部环境下输电线路的综合风险评估方法

针对极端外部环境易引发的巨型停电灾难的问题,提出输电线路的综合风险评估方法。首先采用多维云模型理论,建立极端外部环境下输电线路的综合故障率预测模型;其次,根据预测的故障率,从输电线路自身损失、人身环境损失、社会损失和系统安全损失这4个方面建立一种输电线路的综合风险评估体系;最后,根据电力事故事件调查规程对所建立的综合风险评估体系进行量化评分,并利用贵州电网实例进行验证。算例仿真表明:所建立的输电线路的综合风险评估体系具有良好的实用性、可操作性,而且便于评估。     

混合实验法在W-Ni-Cu合金组分设计中的应用

采用极端顶点设计法设计W-Ni-Cu合金组分,将组分自变量与相对应的性能因变量(相对密度、显微硬度、抗弯强度)进行回归分析和规划求解,同时采用冷压烧结法制备不同组分的W-Ni-Cu合金,测定合金的密度、显微硬度和力学性能,研究组分对合金性能的影响。结果表明:回归方程复相关系数R~2=1,方程精确度高;合金性能随组分变化而呈规律变化;当Ni含量与Cu含量(均为质量分数)分别为3%和5%时,合金的综合力学性能最佳:相对密度为94.295%、显微硬度286.55、抗弯强度931.51 MPa。W-Ni-Cu合金的相对密度计算值与实验结果的误差为-0.45%~0.06%,显微硬度计算值与实验结果的误差为-8.48%~4.46%,抗弯强度计算值与实验结果的误差为-5.19%~4.15%。误差很小,说明混合实验和极端顶点设计法能优化W-Ni-Cu合金组分,并可靠预测合金性能。     

Lubricating and physico-chemical properties of CI- 4 plus engine oil dispersed with surface modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes

This paper studies the effect of surface modification of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prior to dispersion in engine oil to improve the tribological properties. The MWCNTs are stabilised in the lubricant with two different surfactants cetrimonium bromide (CTAB) and sorbitan monooleate (SPAN 80) and the effect of surfactants on the tribological properties has been studied. Pristine and surface modified MWCNTs in weight per cent range of 0·5% are dispersed in CI4 plus diesel engine oil. The foaming tendency and other physico-chemical properties of test lubricant have been studied to investigate the effect of nano materials and surfactants. The anti-wear and anti-friction properties are tested on a four ball wear tester and the comparison is made to assess the relative performance of pristine MWCNTs over surface modified MWCNTs. A strong influence of the surface modification technique is found on lubricating and physico-chemical properties. Both CTAB and SPAN 80 could keep the MWCNTs stable in the lubricant without compromising the foaming tendency of lubricant and other physico-chemical properties. The friction and wear characteristics of lubricants have improved with the dispersion of surface modified MWCNTs while there is no improvement in the properties of lubricant dispersed with pristine MWCNTs.     

Modeling and optimization of biodiesel engine performance using kernel-based extreme learning machine and cuckoo search

This study presents the optimization of biodiesel engine performance that can achieve the goal of fewer emissions, low fuel cost and wide engine operating range. A new biodiesel engine modeling and optimization framework based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. As an accurate model is required for effective optimization result, kernel-based ELM (K-ELM) is used instead of basic ELM because K-ELM can provide better generalization performance, and the randomness of basic ELM does not occur in K-ELM. By using K-ELM, a biodiesel engine model is first created based on experimental data. Logarithmic transformation of dependent variables is used to alleviate the problems of data scarcity and data exponentiality simultaneously. With the K-ELM engine model, cuckoo search (CS) is then employed to determine the optimal biodiesel ratio. A flexible objective function is designed so that various user-defined constraints can be applied. As an illustrative study, the fuel price in Macau is used to perform the optimization. To verify the modeling and optimization framework, the K-ELM model is compared with a least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) model, and the CS optimization result is compared with particle swarm optimization and experimental results. The evaluation result shows that K-ELM can achieve comparable performance to LS-SVM, resulting in a reliable prediction result for optimization. It also shows that the optimization results based on CS is effective.     

Assessment of extreme and metocean conditions in the Maldives for OTEC applications

The Maldives is a group of tropical atolls, considered globally to be one of the most desirable holiday destinations. There is an urgent requirement to decrease their dependency on fossil fuels that are currently the main source of energy, and a number of renewable energy alternatives are being evaluated. Among these, due to the favorable oceanographic and bathymetric conditions, ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems represent a viable opportunity for clean and reliable power. However, the stresses the OTEC platform will need to endure during adverse environmental conditions are not well defined. The magnitude of these stresses will then have a direct influence on the design of the OTEC device. In order to overcome this uncertainty, this paper uses hindcast data sets from global weather and ocean models to assess the metocean conditions of the Maldives, with particular reference to extreme conditions. After selecting a suitable location for the deployment of the devices, return values calculated using the peaks‐over‐threshold (POT) methodology are estimated for wind, waves, and currents. The 100‐year return value for the significant wave height is found to be 4.5 m, with a joint occurrence of energy periods between 7.5 and 8.5 seconds, whereas the 100‐year return wind has a velocity of 17.8 m/s and the 100‐year return current of 1.9 m/s. The directionality of these extreme events is also considered, showing the southern and western sub‐quadrants as the prevailing sources, which provides essential information for positioning of the platform. Additional evaluations of tropical revolving storms (TRS) and variations in temperature and salinity patterns are also provided over a 1500‐m water column; temperature varies by approximately 24°C, and salinity by around 2 ppt, showing the suitability of OTEC platforms in the Maldives. This work is therefore of interest to offshore renewable energy stakeholders interested in developing a project in the Maldives or those conducting an analogous analysis in other locations.     

极紫外相机电控单元的设计与实现

为了实现对极紫外相机控制及管理功能,设计并实现了一种基于FPGA的电控单元。该系统以FPGA为核心,经过RS-422接口与信号处理子系统进行通讯,通过LVDS接口接收信号处理子系统发送的科学数据,与CPU之间通过数据总线进行通讯。为了提高电控单元的可靠性,在设计过程中采用了抗辐照设计和交叉备份的冗余设计。通过极紫外相机电控单元的测试和试验验证表明:极紫外相机电控单元的功能和性能满足指标要求,为极紫外相机在轨取得圆满成功的结果起到了重要作用。     

考虑随机风压场非高斯特性的大跨度膜屋盖风振响应

作用于大跨度膜屋盖结构上的随机风压场在统计意义上由高斯和非高斯区域构成。基于零记忆非线性转化法理论,提出了这种混合随机风压场的模拟方法,算例表明,生成的随机风压场样本能准确描述实验数据的各项统计特性。将生成的样本和利用传统方法生成的高斯随机风压样本作用于某膜屋盖结构,经风振时域分析后发现,高斯随机风压激励下结构部分构件的响应值比非高斯随机风压激励下的响应值低,这表明,随机风压荷载的非高斯特性不容忽视。文章还给出了结构不同构件的整体风振响应系数。     

A socio-ecological analysis of hospital resilience to extreme weather events

Hospitals play a critical role in helping communities respond effectively to extreme weather events (EWEs). Despite predictions of more EWEs, little is known about the process by which hospital infrastructure resilience to such events can be built. Using Gunderson and Holling’s Adaptive Cycle, a new theoretical perspective based on socio-ecological resilience theory is provided to understand this process. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations of disaster drills and disaster planning meetings, as well as additional documentary analysis of past incident reports. The research findings were then refined and validated in a focus group meeting with respondents. The findings indicate that there are significant organizational barriers which prevent facilities managers improving the resilience of hospital facilities to future EWEs. It was found that the disaster planning process is ad hoc and non-inclusive, focused on man-made disasters and compliance driven, top-down approach, under-resourced and is driven by a general ignorance of the importance of resilient-built facilities to health care delivery during an EWE. It is concluded that to produce more resilient hospital infrastructure, there needs to be a more well-resourced, integrated and collaborative approach to disaster management planning which enables health facilities managers to play a more central role in disaster planning decisions. There also need to be better systems, technologies and training implemented to manage information about health infrastructure performance before, during and after EWEs.     

基于完全气动弹性模型的冷却塔风致响应风洞试验研究

风荷载是冷却塔设计的控制荷载,完全气动弹性模型风洞试验是研究其风致响应的有效途径。基于此,推导了冷却塔完全气动弹性模型相似关系并用有限元分析方法予以验证,据此相似关系设计并制作了某核电站200m高超大型冷却塔的1∶400完全气动弹性模型,并在风洞中模拟的B类风场对其风致响应进行测试,试验前对模型的动力特性进行检验。试验结果表明：完全气动弹性模型能较为精确模拟冷却塔结构的质量、刚度和阻尼相似;迎风面的风致变形较大,而其中又以喉部附近最大;背景响应占总响应的主导地位,动力放大效应不明显;风振系数值随高度的增加而减小,各控制点风振系数均值略小于DL/T 5339-2006《火力发电厂水工设计规范》规定值。