基于混合免疫算法的变压器故障诊断

为了提高变压器故障诊断正确率,提出一种免疫支持向量机混合智能诊断方法,首先将变压器故障分为放电性和过热性,然后用免疫聚类算法对所荻取的数据进行预选取,加快模型参数的确定速度,利用支持向量机识别类内变压器故障,利用基于交叉验证的网格搜索法来确定支持向量基的参数.经过大量实例分析,并将其结果与神经网络方法进行对比,表明该算法具有较高的诊断精度.     

基于声发射的可倾瓦径向滑动轴承碰摩故障诊断

该文尝试使用声发射技术检测径向可倾瓦轴承瓦块与转轴的碰摩故障,并在600 MW汽轮机发电机组模化实验台上进行了相应的实验研究。实验结果表明,当瓦块与转轴发生碰摩时,声发射信号的时域波形中出现周期性的脉冲信号,而且脉冲周期与轴旋转周期相同。此外,通过合理布置声发射传感器在轴承座上的位置,可以根据不同位置测量到的声发射信号幅值变化,以及声发射脉冲到达2个传感器的时间差,推断出发生碰摩的瓦块位置。因此,声发射技术能够作为可倾瓦径向滑动轴承故障诊断的有益补充。     

基于S7-400与WINCC6．0的传动故障诊断系统

本文主要通过S7-400和WINCC60的使用介绍传动故障诊断系统的开发设计,通过系统的实际应用,使大家了解传动诊断系统的功能和作用对现代化高节奏生产企业的重要性。     

Data‐driven bounded‐error fault detection

In this paper, a new data‐driven fault‐detection method is proposed. This method is based on a new nonparametric system identification approach, which constitutes the principal contribution to this work. The fault‐detection method is a parametric model‐free approach that can be applied to nonlinear systems that work at various operating points. Not only can the fault‐detection process be applied to the steady state of each operating point, but it can also be applied to the transient state resulting from a change in the operating point. In order to detect faults, the proposed method uses an interval predictor based on bounded‐error techniques. The utilization of techniques based on bounded error enables system uncertainties to be included in an explicit way. This in turn leads to the possibility of obtaining interval predictions of the behaviour of the system, which include information on the reliability of the prediction itself. In order to show the effectiveness of the fault‐detection method, two examples are presented: in the form of a simulated process (counter‐flow shell‐and‐tube heat‐exchanger system) and an example of a real application (two‐tanks system). A comparison with two fault‐detection methods has also been included. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高效液相色谱法测定纺织品中喹啉的质量浓度

建立了测定纺织品中喹啉质量浓度的高效液相色谱检测方法,用高效液相色谱仪对样品中的喹啉及其他组分进行分离,用二极管阵列检测器进行紫外光谱分析,用峰面积外标法进行定量。喹啉的检出限为10 mg/kg,回收率在80%~120%,精密度小于2%。结果表明,该方法线性良好,测试简单,回收率、精密度高,满足测试要求。     

Hybrid-triggered fault detection filter design for networked Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy systems subject to persistent heavy noise disturbance

In the network environment, the single time-triggered scheme wastes limited bandwidth resources due to all the sampled data are transmitted to the networks, and the single event-triggered scheme may increase system error because of ignoring factors such as changes in network utilization. To reduce the design conservatism, this paper is concerned with the hybrid-triggered L₁ fault detection filter design for a class of nonlinear networked control systems (NCSs) described by Takagi–Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy model. Taking the effects of time-triggered scheme and event-triggered scheme into consideration simultaneously, we construct a fuzzy fault detection system. New results on stability and L₁ performance are proposed for fuzzy fault detection system by exploiting the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and by means of the integral inequality method. Specially, attention is focused on the design of fault detection filter that guarantees a prescribed L₁ noise attenuation level . Finally, two examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Active fault‐tolerant control for near space vehicles based on reference model adaptive sliding mode scheme

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode (ASM) scheme is proposed for fault identification and fault‐tolerant control of near space vehicles (NSVs). First, the attitude dynamic model is introduced, and a baseline controller based on reference sliding mode scheme is designed in the case of no faults. Then fault parameterizations with actuator dynamics is presented for several classes of faults: lock‐in‐place, float, hard‐over, and loss of effectiveness. On the basis of adaptive observer design, fault parameters can be accurately estimated on‐line. Furthermore, an ASM fault‐tolerant controller is designed for both cases of actuator dynamic faults and control effector damage. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed ASM scheme is able to quickly and accurately identify faults and reconfigure the controller, resulting in excellent overall system performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐minimum phase switched systems: HOSM‐based fault detection and fault identification via Volterra integral equation

In this paper, the problem of continuous and discrete state estimation for a class of linear switched systems with additive faults is studied. The class of systems under study can contain non‐minimum phase zeroes in some of their ‘operating modes’. The conditions for exact reconstruction of the discrete state are given using structural properties of the switched system. The state space is decomposed into the strongly observable part, the non‐strongly observable part, and the unobservable part, to analyze the effect of the unknown inputs. State observers based on high‐order sliding mode to exactly estimate the strongly observable part and Luenberger‐like observers to estimate the remaining parts are proposed. For the case when the exact estimation of the state cannot be achieved, the ultimate bounds on the estimation errors are provided. The proposed strategy includes a high‐order sliding‐mode‐based fault detection and a fault identification scheme via the solution of a Volterra integral equation. The feasibility of the proposed method is illustrated by simulations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Selective Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Wet CO2/H2 Mixtures via Facilitated Transport Membranes containing Amine Blends as Carriers

The selective separation of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a wet gaseous mixture of CO₂/H₂ through facilitated transport membranes containing immobilized aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), ethylenediamine (EDA) and monoprotonated ethylenediamine (EDAH⁺) and their blends was experimentally investigated. The effect of CO₂ partial pressure, amine concentration, feed side pressure and amine species on the CO₂ and H₂ permeances were studied. The CO₂ permeability through amine solution membranes decreased with increasing CO₂ feed partial pressure but the H₂ permeance was almost independent of the H₂ partial pressure. A comparison of experimental results showed that single or blended amines with low viscosity and a moderate equilibrium constant, i.e., large forward and reverse reaction rate of CO₂‐amine, are suitable for effective separation of CO₂. The permeability of CO₂ generally increased with an increase in amine concentration, although this increase may be compromised by the salting out effect and decrease in diffusivities of species. The results obtained indicated that CO₂ permeance across a variety of amines are in the order of DEA (2 M) > MD (2 M) > MD (1 M) > MEA (2 M) > MEA (4 M) > MD (4 M) > DEA (1 M) > DEA (4 M) > MEA (1 M) for various concentrations of MEA + DEA blend and are in the order of EDAH⁺ (2 M) > DEA (2 M) > MH (2 M) > DH (2 M) > ED (2 M) > EDA (2 M) > MEA (2 M) for various blends of amine.     

VSP技术在缅甸石油勘探区块的应用

缅甸中部曼德勒市以西某石油勘探区块勘探程度低，面临许多急需解决的地质问题。A-1井是中国石化在该区块开钻的第1口探井，2008年油气测试获得了较好的油气显示。在A-1井首次采集了零偏和非零偏VSP资料，进行了初至拾取、三分量旋转、波场分离、反射波成像等处理；综合利用A-1井的测井、钻井、VSP、二维地面地震等资料，标定了该区块A-1井处地震反射波组的地质属性，确定了主断层的断点位置，建立了泊松比参数与主力含气层段、非出气层段等的特征关系。VSP技术的应用在该区块的油气勘探中发挥了积极的作用。