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11.
12.
Simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics in soils during wastewater applications by using a finite-element model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Vassilis Z. Antonopoulos 《Water Resources Management》1993,7(3):237-251
A mathematical model was developed to simulate water movement, mass transport, and nitrogen transformations in soils during wastewater applications. The model is one-dimensional and based on the Galerkin finite-element method. The submodel of mass transport of nitrogen incorporates the convection-dispersion processes of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, nitrification, denitrification, ammonium exchange and uptake of ammonium and nitrate ions. The accuracy and validity of the proposed model was examined by comparison with an explicit-implicit finite-difference model results. The model was used for simulation of water and nitrogen dynamics during wastewater application in homogeneous and multi-layered soils under different N concentration, rate, duration and scheduling of application. 相似文献
13.
Ken Kato Yasuhiro Kasuga Masanori Fujiwara Kazuo Onda 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1996,116(4):94-108
Laboratory-scale and parametric experiments of SO2 and NOx removal from the simulated combustion gas by pulsed corona discharge have been performed by changing the combustion gas composition and temperature, the electrode configuration of plasma reactor, and the polarity of high-voltage electrode. The following results are obtained: 1) the higher the concentration of H2O and O2, the higher the efficiency of desulfurization and denitrification at the same specific input; 2) the pulsed corona discharge with a voltage pulsewidth as short as 200 ns of negative polarity shows the possibility to attain almost 90 percent deSOx and deNOx efficiency at the specific discharge input of 20 J/g, which is almost the same as the specific input in the electron-beam process; 3) the deNOx characteristics show a little temperature dependence in the range of 70 to 130°C, but the deSOx efficiency increases rapidly in the temperature region below 100°C suggesting the thermochemical dependence of deSOx reaction; 4) when desulfurization and denitrification proceed, the white dendritic powder deposits on the plasma reactor whose composition is identified to be 49 mol% (NH4)2SO4 and 47 mol% of 2NH4NO3 · (NH4)2SO4, and the ratio of SO2, NO and NH3 of the deposit is almost equal to that of supplied gas. 相似文献
14.
Z.M. Zhong J. Chen P. Zhong J.B. Wu 《The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology》2006,28(9):855-862
As the result of vibration emission in air, a machine sound signal carries important information about the working condition
of machinery. But in practice, the sound signal is typically received with a very low signal-to-noise ratio. To obtain features
of the original sound signal, uncorrelated sound signals must be removed and the wavelet coefficients related to fault condition
must be retrieved. In this paper, the blind source separation technique is used to recover the wavelet coefficients of a monitored
source from complex observed signals. Since in the proposed blind source separation (BSS) algorithms it is generally assumed
that the number of sources is known, the Gerschgorin disk estimator method is introduced to determine the number of sound
sources before applying the BSS method. This method can estimate the number of sound sources under non-Gaussian and non-white
noise conditions. Then, the partial singular value analysis method is used to select these significant observations for BSS
analysis. This method ensures that signals are separated with the smallest distortion. Afterwards, the time-frequency separation
algorithm, converted to a suitable BSS algorithm for the separation of a non-stationary signal, is introduced. The transfer
channel between observations and sources and the wavelet coefficients of the source signals can be blindly identified via
this algorithm. The reconstructed wavelet coefficients can be used for diagnosis. Finally, the separation results obtained
from the observed signals recorded in a semi-anechoic chamber demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented methods . 相似文献
15.
E.I.P. Volcke M. Loccufier P.A. Vanrolleghem E.J.L. Noldus 《Journal of Process Control》2006,16(10):1003-1012
This paper addresses the dynamics of a SHARON reactor, a promising technology for ammonium removal from concentrated wastewater streams. The contraction mapping theorem is used to determine which operating conditions of a SHARON reactor with pH-control result in a unique equilibrium state. However, this approach only identifies the case of very large dilution rates, in practice corresponding with complete biomass wash-out, i.e. with complete loss of biological activity. Practical operation of a SHARON reactor aims at reaching ammonium conversion to nitrite. To identify such interesting operating points, the equilibrium points are subsequently calculated directly in terms of input variables for a simplified SHARON reactor model. The stability of the obtained equilibrium points is assessed and the corresponding phase portraits are analyzed. The influence of slightly varying parameter and input values is investigated as well. 相似文献
16.
浅谈集成电路的废气处理 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
集成电路的工业废气有含氟化物、硫酸雾的酸性废气,含氨的碱性废气,含异丙醇、光刻胶的有机废气,含SiO_2的含尘废气,以及含硅烷、磷烷的工艺尾气等,这些工业废气中大部分成分是有毒有害的,必须进行有效的处理才能排入大气中。主要讨论上述工业废气的分类、处理方式、应用范围及应用实例等。 相似文献
17.
Guiying Li Ze He Taicheng An Xiangying Zeng Guoying Sheng Jiamo Fu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(7):1019-1026
BACKGROUND: To investigate the microbial degradation performance of organic pollutants in the atmosphere using a biotrickling filter, two microorganism strains, Bacillus cereus S1 and Bacillus cereus S2, were selected, identified and inoculated into a twin biotrickling filter for comparison. RESULTS: Both strains showed good performance towards the degradation of model organic pollutants when gas flow rates ranged from 100 to 600 L h−1. For S1, the total maximum removal efficiency (RE) of toluene was maintained nearly 100% not only at gas flow rates of 100 L h−1 corresponding to empty bed residence time (EBRT) 199.44 s, but also at gas flow rates of 200 L h−1 (EBRT = 99.72 s) and 300 L h−1 (EBRT = 66.48 s). However, S2 had a much lower degradation capability; near 100% removal efficiency was obtained only at the gas flow rate of 100 L h−1 although both bacteria belong to the same Bacillus cereus. With further increase in gas flow rate, the total REs for both S1 and S2 decreased slightly at first and then dropped sharply to 46% and 35%, respectively, at an EBRT of 33.24 s, corresponding to a gas flow rate of 600 L h−1. Starvation for between 2 and 10 days resulted in the re‐acclimation times of both strains ranging between 1.0 and 15.5 h. CONCLUSION: Strain S1 would be a better choice for inoculation into a biotrickling filter than strain S2, because of its much higher toluene removal capacity and rapid recovery to full performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
Influence of electroosmotic treatment on the hydro-mechanical behaviour of clayey silts: preliminary experimental results 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Laura Gabrieli Cristina Jommi Guido Musso Enrique Romero 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(7):1043-1051
Preliminary results of an investigation focused on the influence of electrokinetic treatment on the mechanical and hydraulic
behaviour of clayey soils are presented. The experimental programme aims at providing a contribution to the sustainability
of contaminant extraction or containment via electroosmosis. Changes in the hydraulic and mechanical properties of two illitic
clayey soils, subjected to a DC electric field, were investigated. Samples of the two soils were subjected to electrokinetic
filtration, for different periods of time, and under different constant loads. Afterwards, they were tested under one-dimensional
compression to detect changes in stiffness and hydraulic conductivity due to the electrical treatment. After the application
of a DC field for a few hours, a small reversible increment in the average soil stiffness was observed, with respect to the
untreated soil, while the hydraulic conductivity was not affected substantially. Dramatic changes of the mechanical and hydraulic
soil properties, correlated to changes of the soil pH, were observed following non-conditioned electrokinetic treatment with
duration of the order of days. 相似文献
19.
S. E. Shalaby N. G. Al-Balakocy M. K. Beliakova O. M. Abdel-Fatah A. M. Elshafei 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(2):942-950
An effective two-stage method has been developed for imparting antimicrobial properties to regular polyethylene terephthalate (R-PET), polyethylene glycol modified polyethylene terephthalate (PEG-M-PET), R-PET/Cotton blend (R-PET/C) and PEG-M-PET/Cotton blend (PEG-M-PET/C) fabrics. The method consists of partial hydrolysis of the fabrics to create carboxylic groups in PET macromolecules followed by subsequent reaction with dimethylalkylbenzyl ammonium chloride (DMABAC) under alkaline conditions. The reaction conditions such as pH, reaction temperature and time, carboxylic content, and DMABAC concentration were studied. Characterization of the finished fabrics was carried out through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR). All the modified PET fabrics showed excellent antibacterial activity towards Gram-positive (Bacillus mycoides), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and nonfilamentous fungus (Candida albicans). The achieved antimicrobial functions on the PET fabrics are durable in repeated laundering processes. Even after laundering 10 times the fabrics could still provide more than 85% of its antimicrobial activity against B. mycoides, E. coli, and C. albicans. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
20.