溶剂萃取分离锂同位素研究Ⅱ.苏丹Ⅰ-中性配位体协萃体系萃取分离锂同位素效应探讨

文章讨论了苏丹I-中性配位体协萃体系萃取分离锂同位素中螯合剂和协萃剂的结构效应。为了获得高的同位素分离效应,螯合剂必须是弱酸性的(PK_α>11),具有强的分子内氢键及易于形成六元螯合环。协萃剂结构不仅要求无空间位阻,而且具有强的配位基。α随配位基的碱性增大而相应提高。萃取络合物中螯合环的增多亦有利于体系α的提高。此外本文还讨论了一些萃取体系的同位素富集方向和萃锂体系用于分离同位素的前景。     

Optimal Locations of Groundwater Extractions in Coastal Aquifers

A regional water supply management model for coastal aquifers was developed. One of its outcomes is the definition of the optimized locations for groundwater withdrawal. Such a tool permits the analysis of alternative plans for groundwater extraction and the sustainable use of water resources in a coastal aquifer subject to saltwater intrusion. The principal components are the evolutionary optimization and the analytical/numerical simulation models. The optimization technique looks for the best well locations taking into consideration the economic results and the satisfaction of the societal water demand. However these two concerns are conditioned by trying to control the saltwater intrusion, i.e., preserving the environmental equilibrium. The simulation model uses the governing mathematical equations for groundwater movement to find the interface between freshwater and saltwater. Because of the non-linearity in the system and the possibility of a jumping interface, a security distance was defined. This is a controlling variable which can be set by the decision makers. The model was applied to a typical case with interesting results. For example, diagrams showing the relationship between the location of the wells and the security distance(s) are of importance to the managers. It was also crucial to have an understanding of the tradeoffs between groundwater withdrawals, positions of the wells from the coast line, and the security distance. The model was also applied to a real case in order to relate the extractions, distances and artificial recharge (not presented in this paper).     

Two-tier architecture for unconstrained handwritten character recognition

In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals.     

铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的性能研究

研究羟肟类铜萃取剂的结构与性能的关系。试验研究了铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的对比萃取及混合萃取性能指标 ,试验表明BK992与LIX984的使用性能相当 ,两种铜萃取剂相互混合不影响使用性能指标。     

检测骨架图形特征点的新方法

端点、折点、歧点和交点是骨架图形的重要特点是，提出用快速查表法检测侯选特征点，再进行侯选特征点聚集，用局部结构分析，去除假特征点，判别真特征点的类型，并对折点给以大致的定量描述。实验结果表明，该方法能快速有效地找出骨架图形的特征点，在目标识别、字符识别等应用中起着关键作用。     

从催化裂化柴油中分离高纯度2,6-二甲基萘

以大庆石油化工总厂炼油厂催化柴油为原料 ,通过精馏分离得到二甲基萘 (DMN)窄馏分 (2 5 8～ 2 70℃ ) ,经糠醛溶剂抽提 ,减压蒸馏后 ,在 -10～ -2 5℃冷冻 2～ 5h ,离心分离制得纯度约 80 %的粗 2 ,6 DMN ,再经无水乙醇在 -10～ -2 5℃重结晶 ,得到纯度大于等于 98%的 2 ,6 DMN。     

丙烷脱沥青装置技术改造

对玉门炼油化工总厂 0 .2 5Mt/a丙烷脱沥青装置的技术改造情况进行了较为详细的介绍 ,对改造前后的操作参数、产品质量和经济技术指标进行了对比。改造后加工能力提高到 0 .30Mt/a ,装置的操作弹性大大提高 ,产品质量优良 ,溶剂单耗由 16 .1kg/t降至 1.6 7kg/t,能耗由 2 4 49.3MJ/t降至 1172 .3MJ/t,年经济效率达 30 0 0× 10 4RMB $。     

健康长江评价指标体系与标准研究

科学的指标体系和标准是评价河流健康状况的技术依据。根据科学性、代表性、创新性等原则，运用主成分分析法和聚类分析法．构建了健康长江评价指标体系，包括河岸稳定性、河床稳定性等19个定量指标和水系连通性、河岸栖息地状况和珍稀水生动物存活状况3个定性指标；给出了相应指标的量化评价方法，并通过国内外相关研究成果的综合分析．提出了健康长江的评价标准及分类标准，为维持河流健康理论发展提供了新方法。     

稀疏脉冲反演技术在井间地震反演中的应用

将传统的波阻抗反演技术应用于井间地震资料反演时，存在着方法适用的域和资料的域不同，井间地震资料的频带比地震资料的频带宽以及频率比地震资料频率高，多对井间地震资料拼接等问题。为此，在胜利油田K71井区，探讨了利用传统波阻抗反演技术（稀疏脉冲反演）进行井间地震资料波阻抗反演的一些技术问题，并用利11对井间地震资料进行了波阻抗反演，获得了较好的反演结果，在井间地震资料反演中，采用匹配滤波方的井间地震资料转换到时间域；利用高分辨率地面三维地震资料，采用统计方法提取反演子波，子波的波形和相位较稳定，频带宽；对测井资料进行标准化处理，在反演的波阻抗剖面上砂体的空间展布形态清晰，对储层的描述更精细；利用时深转换模型，将时间域的波阻抗剖面转换到深度域，直接与测井资料进行对比分析，对储层的描述更直观可靠。     

Solids Extraction of Cod Frame and Effects on Ultrafiltration of the Aqueous Extract

Grinding, pH adjustment, heat treatment and centrifugation were studied to recover solids from ground cod frames and to apply ultrafiltration (UF) to the resulting aqueous phase. Early heat treatment (90°C/20 min) dissolved collagen into aqueous phase resulting in a very low UF flux. A pH adjustment to 4.5 after grinding (～0.32 cm die), with no heat resulted in efficient separation after centrifuging. UF of the aqueous phase showed an increase in initial flux (23 L/hr m²). However, when the same aqueous material was heated and then centrifuged (1–2% solids removed), UF flux was further increased to 46 L/hr m²and this process gave highest solids recovery (90%).