Floodplain roughness parameterization using airborne laser scanning and spectral remote sensing

Floodplain roughness parameterization is one of the key elements of hydrodynamic modeling of river flow, which is directly linked to exceedance levels of the embankments of lowland fluvial areas. The present way of roughness mapping is based on manually delineated floodplain vegetation types, schematized as cylindrical elements of which the height (m) and the vertical density (the projected plant area in the direction of the flow per unit volume, m^− 1) have to be assigned using a lookup table. This paper presents a novel method of automated roughness parameterization. It delivers a spatially distributed roughness parameterization in an entire floodplain by fusion of CASI multispectral data with airborne laser scanning (ALS) data. The method consists of three stages: (1) pre-processing of the raw data, (2) image segmentation of the fused data set and classification into the dominant land cover classes (KHAT = 0.78), (3) determination of hydrodynamic roughness characteristics for each land cover class separately. In stage three, a lookup table provides numerical values that enable roughness calculation for the classes water, sand, paved area, meadows and built-up area. For forest and herbaceous vegetation, ALS data enable spatially detailed analysis of vegetation height and density. The hydrodynamic vegetation density of forest is mapped using a calibrated regression model. Herbaceous vegetation cover is further subdivided in single trees and non-woody vegetation. Single trees were delineated using a novel iterative cluster merging method, and their height is predicted (R² = 0.41, rse = 0.84 m). The vegetation density of single trees was determined in an identical way as for forest. Vegetation height and density of non-woody herbaceous vegetation were also determined using calibrated regression models. A 2D hydrodynamic model was applied with the results of this novel method, and compared with a traditional roughness parameterization approach. The modeling results showed that the new method is well able to provide accurate output data. The new method provides a faster, repeatable, and more accurate way of obtaining floodplain roughness, which enables regular updating of river flow models.     

Continuous collision detection for adaptive simulation of articulated bodies

We perform continuous collision detection (CCD) for articulated bodies where motion is governed by an adaptive dynamics simulation. Our algorithm is based on a novel hierarchical set of transforms that represent the kinematics of an articulated body recursively, as described by an assembly tree. The performance of our CCD algorithm significantly improves as the number of active degrees of freedom in the simulation decreases.     

An architecture framework for an adaptive extensible processor

To improve the performance of embedded processors, an effective technique is collapsing critical computation subgraphs as application-specific instruction set extensions and executing them on custom functional units. The problem with this approach is the immense cost and the long times required to design a new processor for each application. As a solution to this issue, we propose an adaptive extensible processor in which custom instructions (CIs) are generated and added after chip-fabrication. To support this feature, custom functional units are replaced by a reconfigurable matrix of functional units (FUs). A systematic quantitative approach is used for determining the appropriate structure of the reconfigurable functional unit (RFU). We also introduce an integrated framework for generating mappable CIs on the RFU. Using this architecture, performance is improved by up to 1.33, with an average improvement of 1.16, compared to a 4-issue in-order RISC processor. By partitioning the configuration memory, detecting similar/subset CIs and merging small CIs, the size of the configuration memory is reduced by 40%.     

Signal enhancement of surface plasmon resonance-based immunoassays for the allergen detection

A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor was used to determine the recombinant group 1 house dust mite allergen (rDer f1) in both HBS-EP buffer and fetal bovine serum (FBS). The monoclonal antibody was immobilized onto the CM5 sensor chip surface using an amine coupling method. The procedures of antibody immobilization and the subsequent primary and enhanced immunoassay were monitored in real time. The sensitivity for rDer f1 detection was remarkably improved by using intact polyclonal antibody as signal amplifying agent. Using this signal enhanced SPR immunosensor, rDer f1 in HBS-EP buffer and FBS was detected at a concentration of 15.4 and 32.1 ng/ml, respectively. The result demonstrates that SPR biosensor is a simple and reliable method for allergen detection.     

Automatic composition of broadcast sports video

This study examines an automatic broadcast soccer video composition system. The research is important as the ability to automatically compose broadcast sports video will not only improve broadcast video generation efficiency, but also provides the possibility to customize sports video broadcasting. We present a novel approach to the two major issues required in the system’s implementation, specifically the camera view selection/switching module and the automatic replay generation module. In our implementation, we use multi-modal framework to perform video content analysis, event and event boundary detection from the raw unedited main/sub-camera captures. This framework explores the possible cues using mid-level representations to bridge the gap between low-level features and high-level semantics. The video content analysis results are utilized for camera view selection/switching in the generated video composition, and the event detection results and mid-level representations are used to generate replays which are automatically inserted into the broadcast soccer video. Our experimental results are promising and found to be comparable to those generated by broadcast professionals.     

Multivariate statistical process control based on multiway locality preserving projections

An approach for multivariate statistical process control based on multiway locality preserving projections (LPP) is presented. The recently developed LPP is a linear dimensionality reduction technique for preserving the neighborhood structure of the data set. It is characterized by capturing the intrinsic structure of the observed data and finding more meaningful low-dimensional information hidden in the high-dimensional observations compared with PCA. In this study, LPP is used to extract the intrinsic geometrical structure of the process data. Hotelling’s T² (D) and the squared prediction error (SPE or Q) statistic charts for on-line monitoring are then presented, and the contribution plots of these two statistical indices are used for fault diagnosis. Moreover, a moving window technique is used for the implementation of on-line monitoring. Case study was carried out with the data of industrial penicillin fed-batch cultivations. As a comparison, the results obtained with the MPCA are also presented. It is concluded that the Multiway LPP (MLPP) outperforms the conventional MPCA. Finally, the robustness of the MLPP monitoring is analyzed by adding noises to the original data.     

使用非均匀量化的Hough空间进行直线段检测

分析图像中最近邻直线间距离和夹角的非均匀性,得到这两个参数与线段方向和长度的相关关系,并由此提出了非均匀量化Hough空间的直线检测算法NUHT (Nonuniform Hough Transform).实验结果表明,NUHT在不降低运算效率的情况下,有2倍于标准Hough变换SHT (Standard Hough Transform)的直线段检测能力,同时误报率低于SHT的1/2.     

基于属性相关和时间约束的PrefixSpan算法

针对计算机入侵检测中网络安全审计数据的特点,提出一个改进的PrefixSpan算法,引入时间约束和属性相关的特征指导挖掘,应用M矩阵和Apriori特性减少投影数据库的数量,并缩减投影数据库规模,提高了序列模式挖掘的效率和有用性。通过检测一个网络审计记录的实验,进行结果分析。     

基于迁徙差分进化算法集成的模体识别

为了克服微分进化的局部收敛问题,通过模拟游牧民族的迁徙机制,提出一种迁徙策略,将其与差分进化算法相结合,得到一种迁徙差分进化算法新范式,利用集成技术,发挥各种差分进化算法的优点,提高算法的全局搜索能力。通过生物序列模体识别实验,验证了该算法的有效性。     

八叉树搜索算法在计算机辅助手术中的应用

讨论基于八叉树的空间搜索与求交算法,包括基于八叉树的单元格分配及求交运算2个步骤。该算法可有效应用于计算机辅助手术,实现解剖标志点的空间定位、距离测量、骨厚测量、三维模型间的干涉与距离检测等。其运算效率较高,具有良好的通用性和扩展性,适用于各类计算机辅助手术规划与手术导航软件。