宽厚板厚度控制模型的优化

宽厚板厚度控制的目的是轧制出板形良好、板凸度小、同板差和异板差尽可能小的产品.莱钢宽厚板生产线自投人生产以来,在板凸度、厚度的均匀性、同板差和异板差等宽厚板厚度控制的瓶颈问题上都难以达到要求.为了实现对轧制厚度的要求,我们在现有的厚度控制模型的基础上,深入理解其控制功能、补偿功能的作用,找到引起厚度难以控制的主要因素,采取轧辊刚度补偿、轧辊偏心补偿、支撑辊油膜厚度补偿、工作辊热膨胀补偿及冲击力补偿等措施来优化厚度控制模型.自优化相应厚度参数和增加相关补偿控制功能以来,宽厚板厚度控制的精度得到很大的提高,具有很高的推广价值.     

The voidage function and effective drag force for fluidized beds

Here, an experimental investigation on the effective drag force in a conventional fluidized bed is presented. Two beds of different particle size distribution belonging to group B and group B/D powders were fluidized in air in a diameter column. The drag force on a particle has been calculated based on the measurement of particle velocity and concentration during pulse gas tests, using twin-plane electrical capacitance tomography. The validity of the voidage function “correction function”, (1−ε_s)ⁿ, for the reliable estimation of the effective drag force has been investigated. The parameter n shows substantial dependence on the relative particle Reynolds number , and the spatial variation of the effective static and hydrodynamic forces. It is also illustrated that, a simple correlation for the effective drag coefficient as function of the particle Reynolds number (Re_p), expressed implicitly in terms of the interstitial gas velocity, can serve in estimating the effective drag force in a real fluidization process. Analysis shows that, the calculated drag force is comparable to the particle weight, which enables a better understanding of the particle dynamics, and the degree of spatial segregation in a multi-sized particle bed mixture. The analogy presented in this paper could be extended to obtain a generalized correlation for the effective drag coefficient in a fluidized bed in terms of Re_p and the particle physical properties.     

Rotordynamic forces generated by discharge-to-suction leakage flows in centrifugal pumps

In order to investigate the flow-induced vibration in the shroud passage of centrifugal pump and predict rotordynamic forces of centrifugal pump rotor system,an analysis of rotordynamic forces arising from shrouded centrifugal pump is presented. CFD techniques were utilized to analyze the full three-dimensional viscous,primary/secondary flow field in a centrifugal pump impeller to determine rotordynamic forces. Multiple quasi-steady solutions of an eccentric three-dimensional model at different whirl frequency ratios yielded the rotordynamic forces. The skew-symmetric stiffness,damping,and mass matrices were obtained by second-order least-squares analysis. Simulation of the coupled primary/secondary flow field was conducted,and the complex flow characteristics in the flow field of a shroud passage were achieved including the mean velocity and pressure,as well as the eddy in a large scale of flow field due to viscosity. The rotordynamic force coefficients were calculated,and the results were in good agreement with those of experiment except for the direct inertial coefficient without the consideration of whirling forces from the impeller primary flow passage.     

超空泡航行体纵向运动的鲁棒极点配置控制

由于空泡及滑行力的存在,使得超空泡航行体的建模及控制问题变得非常复杂,在其模型简化过程中会产生一定的建模误差,采用鲁棒极点配置算法进行超空泡航行体控制可以有效克服这一缺点.对超空泡航行体所受的流体动力、尤其是滑行力的动态特性进行了分析整理;建立了超空泡航行体纵平面内的动力学模型;最后利用鲁棒极点配置算法设计了控制器.仿真结果表明,该控制系统具有较强的鲁棒性及稳定性.对各控制变量的控制效果进行了对比分析,分析结果表明空化器比尾舵具有更好的控制效果.     

兰州某地铁车站深基坑开挖变形特性及环境影响分析

针对兰州城区工程地质水文条件复杂的问题,为了研究该地区地铁车站深基坑开挖过程中支护结构的变形受力特点和对周边环境的影响,以迎门滩站深基坑工程为典型案例进行分析。该车站基坑所在区段属黄河漫滩区,地铁穿过地层主要为卵石土,水位5～8 m。该基坑围护结构采用钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑体系。采用PLAXIS 3D有限元分析软件对该基坑建立三维有限元计算模型,土体本构模型采用土体硬化(HS)模型,依据工程实际开挖工况进行分部开挖计算,根据计算结果对桩撑式支护结构的变形和受力及基坑周边地表和地下管线的变形进行了分析。结果表明:围护桩的变形量、地表沉降量和管线位移量会随着基坑开挖深度的增加有逐渐累积的趋势,但在架设内支撑并施加预应力后,这些变形量的增速会减缓甚至变形量会减小。内支撑施加预应力之后自身轴力会有较大增加,之后基本保持不变,对其他内支撑轴力的影响较小。各变形量均在控制范围之内,满足设计和环境要求,表明该深基坑采用的钻孔灌注桩+钢管内支撑支护体系设计合理。研究成果可为后续黄土地区类似地铁车站深基坑工程建设提供一定的参考依据。     

波浪对圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤绕射的解析计算

在微幅波绕射理论的基础上,使用特征函数展开法,推导了圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤复合结构的水波绕射的解析解,并据此计算了该结构所受到的波浪载荷以及绕射波面分布。计算结果表明:与单一圆柱相比,外接圆弧型防波堤的存在可明显降低作用于圆柱的波浪载荷和圆柱表面的波浪爬高;采用外接堤表面密实或透空而内圆柱表面透空的结构形式可以取得圆柱防浪的较佳效果;结构透空系数、波浪入射角度、外接堤张角、外堤半径与水深比、水深与波长比等因素的变化对绕射波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状影响的试验研究

斜桩在承受水平荷载的同时,往往会受到上拔荷载的作用。为研究上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状的影响,开展了10根直、斜桩的室内模型试验,研究上拔荷载对斜桩桩顶水平位移和水平承载力的影响,对比了直桩与斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力的差异,并分析了上拔荷载对正、负斜桩桩身内力及桩侧摩阻力的影响规律。模型试验结果表明:上拔荷载从直桩水平极限承载力的12.5%增大到75%时,正斜桩水平承载力比增大21%,负斜桩水平承载力比减小25%。上拔荷载的存在会使正、负斜桩桩身轴力均增大,且上拔荷载越大,桩身轴力越大。上拔荷载能减小正斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力得到提高,而增大负斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力被削弱;不论正斜桩还是负斜桩,其上部区段桩身侧表面均出现了方向向上的摩阻力,而下部区段桩身侧表面均为方向向下的摩阻力,随着上拔荷载的增大,斜桩桩身侧摩阻力逐渐增大。     

基于Linear Cohesion模型的含水堆积体滑坡过程数值模拟

水通常是堆积体滑坡发生的触发因素,采用数值方法模拟堆积体滑坡时加入水的液桥力有助于提高计算结果的合理性。为了研究含水堆积体滑坡过程的各项运动特性,提出采用Linear Cohesion接触模型模拟含水湿润状态下松散堆积体滑坡的运动过程,利用离散元程序EDEM 2017建立了含水堆积体滑坡水槽数值模型,计算堆积体从失稳-滑动-堆积整个运动过程。结果表明:能量密度k是Linear Cohesion模型模拟含水堆积体滑坡的关键参数;当k<5000 J/m^3时,随着能量密度值逐渐增大,堆积体滑动过程的流动性越来越小,最大平均速度值和最大动能越大,当k≥5000 J/m^3时,含水堆积体的各项滑动特征变化不明显;较小能量密度的湿颗粒堆积体在滑动过程中结构体易发生破坏,形成的颗粒群流动性更强,滑动距离更远,扩大了滑坡灾害的影响范围。相关研究成果对今后类似的含水堆积体滑坡灾害的预测和评估有一定参考价值。     

板料拉深成形过程中的变压边力技术

压边力是板料成形过程中的重要参数之一。在概述压边力在生产中的主要用途和意义的基础上，从压边力的加载模式、理论模型、实验研究变压边力技术与拉延筋、人工智能技术的交叉应用等方面，比较全面的综述了压边力技术的研究现状及存在问题，并探讨压边力技术的研究方向。