基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统设计

利用土壤的介电特性测量土壤含水量是一种快速、简便、可靠的方法。根据频域反射(FDR)法测量原理,电磁波在土壤中的传播频率可用来测试土壤的介电常数,从而得到土壤容积含水率,设计出了一种基于FDR原理的自动灌溉系统,介绍了FDR测量原理,阐述了自动灌溉系统的软硬件构成,土壤水分传感器测得的土壤水分含量信息,经信号处理,输出为0~5V电压信号,经A/D转换送至AT89S52单片机进行判断处理,根据输出数值的大小控制电磁阀的通断时间,从而实现自动灌溉和节水灌溉的目的。试验表明:该系统工作稳定,控制准确,反应灵敏,满足自动灌溉要求。     

Persistence of nonprotein seed amino acid s-(β-carboxyethyl)-cysteine in young leaves ofCalliandra rubescens Ecological implications

The insecticidal nonprotein amino acid S-(-carboxyethyl)-cysteine (S-CEC) is the major free amino acid in the seeds of severalCalliandra spp. where it accounts for up to 2.9 % of dry weight. Lesser amounts of other related S-containing amino acids and an array of nonprotein imino acids derived from pipecolic acid are other constituents. High concentrations of imino acids, which also show insecticidal activity, are maintained in the mature leaves, but sulfur compounds are lacking. In this study the disappearance of S-CEC from the germinating seeds and young seedlings ofC. rubescens was monitored over time. After 10 weeks, S-CEC continues to be found in high concentrations in the stems and new leaves. As young leaves mature, sulfur compounds quickly decrease in concentration. Traces of S-CEC are found in new leaves of plants up to nine months after germination. Whether high concentration of S-CEC in young leaves is due to transportation from the seed or de novo synthesis is unclear. The ecological implications are discussed.     

A parametric frequency response method for non-linear time-varying systems

A new parametric frequency response algorithm is introduced to investigate linear and non-linear dynamic systems with time-varying parameters. In the new algorithm the time-varying parameters are regarded as additional inputs of the systems and the non-linear generalised frequency response functions for multi-input-single-output systems are then employed to obtain Zadeh's system functions from a differential equation representation. The parametric frequency response method reveals how the time-varying parameters affect the behaviour of the systems through a time-varying term. The new method can be applied to both linear and non-linear time-varying systems.     

State space approximation for general fractional order dynamic systems

Approximations for general fractional order dynamic systems are of much theoretical and practical interest. In this paper, a new approximate method for fractional order integrator is proposed. The poles of the approximate model are unrelated to the order of integrator. This feature shows benefits on extending the algorithm to the systems containing various fractional orders. Then a unified approximate method is derived for general fractional order linear or nonlinear dynamic systems via combining the proposed new method with the distributed frequency model approach. Numerical examples are given to show the wide applicability of our method and to illustrate the acceptable accuracy for approximations as well.     

Sky Based Light Metering for High Dynamic Range Images

Image calibration requires both linearization of pixel values and scaling so that values in the image correspond to real‐world luminances. In this paper we focus on the latter and rather than rely on camera characterization, we calibrate images by analysing their content and metadata, obviating the need for expensive measuring devices or modeling of lens and camera combinations. Our analysis correlates sky pixel values to luminances that would be expected based on geographical metadata. Combined with high dynamic range (HDR) imaging, which gives us linear pixel data, our algorithm allows us to find absolute luminance values for each pixel—effectively turning digital cameras into absolute light meters. To validate our algorithm we have collected and annotated a calibrated set of HDR images and compared our estimation with several other approaches, showing that our approach is able to more accurately recover absolute luminance. We discuss various applications and demonstrate the utility of our method in the context of calibrated color appearance reproduction and lighting design.     

Evaluating the Impact of User Characteristics and Different Layouts on an Interactive Visualization for Decision Making

There is increasing evidence that user characteristics can have a significant impact on visualization effectiveness, suggesting that visualizations could be designed to better fit each user's specific needs. Most studies to date, however, have looked at static visualizations. Studies considering interactive visualizations have only looked at a limited number of user characteristics, and consider either low‐level tasks (e.g., value retrieval), or high‐level tasks (in particular: discovery), but not both. This paper contributes to this line of work by looking at the impact of a large set of user characteristics on user performance with interactive visualizations, for both low and high‐level tasks. We focus on interactive visualizations that support decision making, exemplified by a visualization known as Value Charts. We include in the study two versions of ValueCharts that differ in terms of layout, to ascertain whether layout mediates the impact of individual differences and could be considered as a form of personalization. Our key findings are that (i) performance with low and high‐level tasks is affected by different user characteristics, and (ii) users with low visual working memory perform better with a horizontal layout. We discuss how these findings can inform the provision of personalized support to visualization processing.     

Learning Natural Colors for Image Recoloring

We present a data‐driven method for automatically recoloring a photo to enhance its appearance or change a viewer's emotional response to it. A compact representation called a RegionNet summarizes color and geometric features of image regions, and geometric relationships between them. Correlations between color property distributions and geometric features of regions are learned from a database of well‐colored photos. A probabilistic factor graph model is used to summarize distributions of color properties and generate an overall probability distribution for color suggestions. Given a new input image, we can generate multiple recolored results which unlike previous automatic results, are both natural and artistic, and compatible with their spatial arrangements.     

一种用于目标跟踪的波形自适应选择算法

提出了一种用于雷达目标跟踪的自适应广义调频波形设计算法。该算法根据跟踪器的动态需求,以广义调频信号为样板波形自适应设计下一时刻的发射波形,其目的是最小化预测的目标跟踪均方误差,并假定高信噪比条件,且目标跟踪运动模型和观测模型均为线性,利用与某一波形相对应的克拉美--罗下限（CRLB）以及卡尔曼滤波器,通过最小化预测的跟踪均方误差来实现广义调频波形的自适应设计。仿真结果表明：在信噪比相同的情况下,与使用固定参数、自适应参数的线性调频波形设计算法相比,所提出的算法能够获得更低的目标跟踪均方误差。     

基于K-L散度的恶意代码模型聚类检测方法

在云计算应用环境下,由于服务系统越来越复杂,网络安全漏洞和被攻击情况急剧增加,传统的恶意代码检测技术和防护模式已无法适应云存储环境的需求。为此,通过引入高斯混合模型,建立恶意代码的分层检测机制,使用信息增益和文档频率等方法分析和提取样本数据特征值,结合K-L散度特性,提出基于K-L散度的恶意代码模型聚类检测方法。采用KDDCUP99数据集,使用Weka开源软件完成数据预处理和聚类分析。实验结果表明,在结合信息增益和文档频率进行特征分析的前提下,与贝叶斯算法相比,该方法在虚拟环境中恶意代码的平均检测时间降低16.6%,恶意代码的平均检测率提高1.05%。     

远端串扰下永磁探测电路相位鉴频特性测量

压电式永磁探测电路广泛应用在远程目标探测系统中,其在远端串扰下的相位鉴频特性准确分析可提高探测系统的测量精度。传统方法采用红外和声脉冲等探测进行电路相位鉴频特性测量控制,在强磁场中曲线趋于饱和,测量性能不好。提出一种基于引入正弦脉宽调制控制的端串扰下压电式永磁探测电路相位鉴频特性测量方法,并进行系统设计,首先进行压电式永磁探测电路系统设计,采用自适应噪声抵消方式处理远端串扰的干扰,设计远端串扰下压电式永磁探测电路,通过相位鉴频特性测量分析,实现电路的混频、倍频等频率变换,完成远端串扰下电式永磁电路的相位鉴频特性测量控制。系统测试结果表明,该测量方法和系统具有较好的远端串扰抵消性能,准确分析电路系统的相位鉴频特性,远程目标探测准确率提高,性能优越。为远程目标探测系统设计提供了硬件电路系统设计基础。