A linearized model for estimating the performance of submerged resonant wave energy converters

A realistic performance analysis of oscillating water column wave energy converters (WECs) addresses to a set of non-linear differential equations that need to be integrated in time, by using a stochastic approach, under the hypothesis of random wind-generated sea waves, for all the sea states which characterize the location of the system. Non-linearities of the differential equations have several origins:

• minor and major losses of the unsteady flow of water and air;

• compressibility of air and heat exchange with the walls of the air chamber;

• non-linear characteristics of the turbine.

Under the hypothesis of random sea waves with Gaussian distribution, the authors propose an original methodology for linearizing the differential equations that describe the flow motion inside a wholly submerged WEC. Under such hypothesis, the linearized model can be used for predicting the power output by means of the calculations in the frequency domain and for control design. The developed methodology has been applied to the estimation of the performance of the new “resonant sea wave energy converters”, called REWEC, patented by Boccotti in 1998, and consisting of several caissons, characterized by a structure similar to the caissons of the traditional breakwaters and placed on the seabed, close one to each other, to form a submerged breakwater. Each caisson is connected to a vertical duct wholly beneath the sea level, where a hydraulic Wells turbine is placed.The matching between turbine and resonance characteristic of the system is carefully analysed in order to maximize the energy conversion efficiency.Some results, given for a small installation in the Mediterranean sea, confirm that the REWEC system is able to absorb a large share of the incident wave energy due to a very simple regulation system which permits the tuning on sea states with different significant heights.     

移相全桥变换器中RC缓冲电路对系统影响机理与优化研究

移相全桥ZVS变换器副边整流二极管电压应力较高,需要设计缓冲电路来保证系统性能。然而,加入RC缓冲电路的变换器在某种工作模式下近似为LCL三阶谐振系统,导致接近开关频率的谐振甚至在整流二极管两侧产生更高的电压应力。通过建立移相全桥ZVS变换器在能量传输模式期间的等效电路模型,揭示RC缓冲电路对系统稳定性产生影响机理及电路参数对振荡的影响规律,通过分析选取合理的RC缓冲电路参数,不仅有效降低整流二极管电压应力,同时抑制由缓冲电路带来的振荡问题,进而提高系统的效率。设计了一个3.2 k W(10 A,320 V)的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

智能电力操作电源及其控制技术的分析

本文分析了有限双极性的软开关控制策略及其控制机理 ,从理论上解决了全桥功率变换器的传统软开关控制策略存在的软开关受负载限制的缺陷 ,实现了全负载范围的软开关 ,降低了电力操作电源系统的损耗 ,提高了模块的功率密度。     

两种加辅助网络的全桥变换器的损耗对比分析

在传统移相全桥变换器拓扑上加入由电容和电感组成的无源辅助网络,可以在宽输入电压和整个负载范围内实现原边开关管的零电压开关(zero voltage switching,ZVS)。通过精确的损耗计算,可以寻找降低损耗的方法,优化电路结构以进一步提高变换器的效率。针对加辅助网络的全桥变换器进行深入完整的损耗分析,提出一种新颖的简化损耗分析模型及其详细计算公式,并以采用型辅助网络和采用Y型辅助网络的两种变换器为对象,进行详细的损耗分析和对比。最后通过实验验证本文理论分析的正确性。该文对于深入研究全桥直流变换器具有一定的参考价值。     

Pseudo-V2 control with adaptive compensation for fast-transient current-mode buck converter

A type of pseudo-V² control, with on-chip adaptive compensation to achieve fast transient (FT) response for current mode DC–DC buck converter, has been proposed and simulated using 0.18 μm CMOS technology in this paper. Based on a new on-chip capacitor multiplier, adaptive compensation is achieved by making the compensation capacitance to track the load current. The proposed pseudo-V² control utilizes the output ripple to determine the duty cycle during load transient. Thus the overshoot/undershoot voltage and the transient recovery time are effectively reduced. Simulation results demonstrate the transient ripple is smaller than 50 mV and the transient recovery time is shorter than 10 μs for a 450 mA load current step. The maximum power conversion efficiency is 94.6% at 1 MHz switching frequency when input and output voltages are 5 V and 1.8 V, respectively.     

开绕组无刷双馈风力发电机最大功率点跟踪直接转矩模糊控制研究

基于风力发电机最大功率点跟踪原理,结合无刷双馈电机无电刷和集电环的特殊结构及采用双定子磁场调制使得所需变流器容量更小的特点,提出了一种由双两电平变流器拓扑构造三电平馈电的开绕组策略,阐述了无刷双馈风力发电机最大功率点跟踪、开绕组策略及直接转矩控制、模糊控制等各部分工作原理,进而利用Matlab/Simulink仿真软件,搭建了无刷双馈风力发电机控制绕组采用双两电平SVPWM变流器馈电实现最大功率点跟踪的开绕组直接转矩模糊控制模型,并进行了详细的性能仿真,最后,通过无刷双馈电机半实物仿真实验平台,证实了所提开绕组策略的正确性和可行性,为进一步研发半实物仿真实验平台及相关控制策略提供了良好的参考与借鉴。     

基于CAMAC标准的206DSP数据采集系统设计

数据采集技术在微机控制领域是一门关键而基础的学科。从软件和硬件的角度着重介绍了TMS320F206定点DSP与AD转换器7865和CAMAC总线接口电路的设计方法。     

组合混联式充电电源及其功率均分策略研究

为适应大容量和模块化充电电源发展的需求,提出一种基于串并混联结构的充电电源,它由4个改进的移相全桥电路模块构成。该充电电源采用先恒流后恒压的两段式充电方法,控制器则采用电流环和电压环并联切换的结构,同时引入一种外环控制加平均电流的功率均分策略,并根据频域分析法设计了均流和均压控制器。最后,设计了一套2并2串的实验样机。实验结果表明,采用该充电电路拓扑和控制策略,输出电流和电压的不均衡度均小于5%,很好地验证了分析及设计的正确性。     

开关电容DC—DC变换器的设计方法

在对开关电容ＤＣ－ＤＣ变换器进行稳态分析的基础上,研究了面向设计的几个关键技术问题,提出了开关电容ＤＣ－ＤＣ变换器的设计方法,并通过了实验和仿真的手段加以验证。     

Simulink behavioral modeling of a 10-bit pipelined ADC

The increasing architecture complexity of data converters makes it necessary to use behavioral models to simulate their electrical performance and to determine their relevant data features. For this purpose, a specific data converter simulation environment has been developed which allows designers to perform time-domain behavioral simulations of pipelined analog to digital converters (ADCs). All the necessary blocks of this specific simulation environment have been implemented using the popular Matlab simulink environment. The purpose of this paper is to present the behavioral models of these blocks taking into account most of the pipelined ADC non-idealities, such as sampling jitter, noise, and operational amplifier parameters (white noise, finite DC gain, finite bandwidth, slew rate, and saturation voltages). Simulations, using a 10-bit pipelined ADC as a design example, show that in addition to the limits analysis and the electrical features extraction, designers can determine the specifications of the basic blocks in order to meet the given data converter requirements.