谢尔渣油气化油改气控制系统的改造

介绍了Shell渣油气化装置将渣油原料改为天然气时控制系统的改造方案。提出的改造思路不但可用于Shell渣油气化，也可用于德士古渣油气化的油改气工程中。     

Understanding and Modeling the Effect of Surfactants in Enhanced Particle Removal from Surfaces in Aqueous Media

The removal of particulate contamination is a critical issue for many manufacturing processes. It is particularly critical to the electronics industry in which small pieces of microscopic debris remaining after chemical mechanical planarization (cmp) using submicron polishing particles can cause device failure. One way to enhance particle removal following the cmp process is to utilize surfactants. Recent research has shown ways to model the effect of surfactants on enhanced particle removal. However, previous research has not demonstrated the effect of ionic strength on enhanced particle removal associated with surfactant use. Past research has also not shown the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on enhanced particle removal using surfactants. This article summarizes the parameters affecting particle removal, and it provides data and analysis on the effect of ionic strength as well as the combined effects of ionic strength and surfactant concentration on particle removal following cmp processing.     

可倾瓦径向气体轴承在低温透平机械中的应用

可倾瓦径向动压气体轴承以其良好的稳定性和自对中能力在低湿透乎机械中获得了广泛的应用。对可倾瓦径向气体轴承的工作原理和在低湿透乎机械中的应用发展情况进行了综述。     

Adaptive Edge Detectors for Piecewise Smooth Data Based on the minmod Limiter

We are concerned with the detection of edges—the location and amplitudes of jump discontinuities of piecewise smooth data realized in terms of its discrete grid values. We discuss the interplay between two approaches. One approach, realized in the physical space, is based on local differences and is typically limited to low-order of accuracy. An alternative approach developed in our previous work [Gelb and Tadmor, Appl. Comp. Harmonic Anal., 7, 101–135 (1999)] and realized in the dual Fourier space, is based on concentration factors; with a proper choice of concentration factors one can achieve higher-orders—in fact in [Gelb and Tadmor, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 38, 1389–1408 (2001)] we constructed exponentially accurate edge detectors. Since the stencil of these highly-accurate detectors is global, an outside threshold parameter is required to avoid oscillations in the immediate neighborhood of discontinuities. In this paper we introduce an adaptive edge detection procedure based on a cross-breading between the local and global detectors. This is achieved by using the minmod limiter to suppress spurious oscillations near discontinuities while retaining high-order accuracy away from the jumps. The resulting method provides a family of robust, parameter-free edge-detectors for piecewise smooth data. We conclude with a series of one- and two-dimensional simulations.To David Gottlieb, on his 60th birthday, with friendship and appreciation.     

煤代油方式的经济性分析

对两种煤代油方式——水煤浆和煤制混合煤气进行了燃料价格、设备投资及运行费用的分析对比。结果表明，两种代油方法均有可观的经济效益，燃料费用可分别节约52．4％和45．2％。如果原燃油工业炉窑由于工艺需要已装有除尘设备而又可用产生的蒸汽做雾化剂时，则水煤浆代油更具有经济优势。     

加油站油品用体积交接存在的问题及建议

叙述了目前加油站在实行按任意温度下的体积交接，由于未考虑油品体积随温度、压力、密度的变化，出现了零售损耗很大的问题。建议加油站在现阶段采用“准标准体积”交接；在由体积转换为质量计算加油站损溢时，使用油库当月发出的平均密度；当财会核销损溢时，不使用盘存的体积和固定密度进行计算的方法，而使用实际盘点的质量数，以真实反映加油站的当期损溢。     

高炉煤气净化系统新技术研究与应用

济钢第二炼铁厂针对原高炉煤气净化系统处理能力不足等问题，研制了新的煤气净化系统。该系统采用单根文氏管、串联花环、丝网脱水器湿法除尘，取代原串联文氏管电除尘净化工艺。应用表明，新系统运行安全，净煤气含尘量小于10^mg／m^3，含水量小于5g／m^3，高炉风温提高90℃。     

油气集输系统新增产能建设拓扑优化方法研究

在油气集输新增产能建设中,为充分利用已建管网系统的处理能力,达到降低投资,提高经济效益的目的,进行了油气集输新增产能建设布局优化方法的研究。针对新建集输管网为树状结构的情况,建立了油气集输系统新增产能建设拓扑优化的数学模型,讨论了计算复杂性问题。根据模型的特点,将问题分解为拓扑级优化和几何级优化两个子问题,并通过它们之间的迭代进行求解。实例计算表明,所建立的数学模型正确,求解方法可行,能用于工程实际设计。     

安棚深层系凝析气井射孔压井液技术研究

介绍了一种保护油气层的射孔压井液技术，该技术所用的配方具有低密度，低表面张力且具有较强的防膨能力等特点，在安棚深层系低孔低渗油田安3003等凝析气井作业中现场试验，解决了安棚深层系低压气井的水锁伤害等问题，对低孔低渗油气田作业入井流体的研究与应用具有较好的借鉴意义。     

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以天然气为能源，用燃气机代替电动机驱动压缩机并充分利用发动机废热、工业余热以及低品位环境热量的采暖、空调装置——燃气压缩式热泵近年来发展迅速。美国燃气设备的总装机容量已达到1．2GW，日本燃气机热泵占全部燃气制冷设备的29％，总装机容量大约1GW，燃气机热泵在英国、法国、德国、瑞士等都得到了较快的发展与应用。中研究了以天然气为驱动能源的压缩式热泵的特点及能量利用率，分析并测试了该系统的运行特性及交工况特性，进行了各种工况及转速下的实验研究。结果表明，该系统具有较好的部分负荷特性、一次能源利用率及交工况特性，为一种绿色高效的供热空调系统。