烟气冷凝热能回收利用装置烟气流动方式优化研究

烟气冷凝热能回收利用装置中烟气的分布与流动对换热起着重要作用,为优化烟气冷凝热能回收利用装置,保证烟气能够在装置中分布均匀、充分换热,分别设计两种烟气流动方式,采用CFD软件Fluent模拟了烟气冷凝热能回收利用装置中的流场及温度场,并将其分别应用于实际工程进行现场实测.结果表明,采用渐变断面设计的烟气流动方式,烟气在换热面上分布更均匀,更有利于强化换热,阻力更小,节能率比采用等高断面最大可提高3.25%,可有效降低和消除噪音.     

2D FEM analysis for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory processes in near field of hypothetical nuclear waste repository

In order to consider the influence of temperature and stress fields on the migration of radioactive nuclide with underground water movement, an elastoplastic model and a 2D FEM code for analysis of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) processes in saturated and unsaturated porous media were extended and improved through introducing the percolation and migration equation, so that the code can be used for solving the temperature field, flow field, stress field and nuclide concentration field simultaneously. The states of temperatures, pore pressures and nuclide concentrations in the near field of a hypothetical nuclear waste repository were investigated. The influence of the half life of the radioactive nuclide on the temporal change of nuclide concentration was analyzed considering the thermo-hydro-mechanical-migratory coupling. The results show that, at the boundary of the vitrified waste, the concentration of radioactive nuclide with a half life of 10 a falls after a period of rising, with the maximum value of 0.182 mol/m3 and the minimum value of 0.181 mol/m3 at the end of computation. For a half life of 1 000 a, the concentration of radioactive nuclide always increases with the increase of the time during the computation period; and the maximum value is 1.686 mol/m3 at the end of the computation. Therefore, under the condition of THM coupling, the concentration of radioactive nuclide with a shorter half life will decrease more quickly with water flow; but for the radioactive nuclide with a longer half life, its concentration will keep at a higher level for a longer time in the migration process.     

Status of research on biogenic coalbed gas generation mechanisms

Biogenic coalbed gas,how it is generated and the geochemical characteristics of the gas are gaining global attention.The ways coalbed gas is generated,the status of research on the generation mechanism and the methods of differentiating between biogenic gasses are discussed.The generation of biogenic coalbed methane is consistent with anaerobic fermentation theory.Commercial biogenic coalbed gas reservoirs are mainly generated by the process of CO2 reduction.The substrates used by the microbes living in the coal include organic compounds,CO2,H2 and acetate.The production ratio and quantity of biogenic coalbed methane depend on the exposed surface area,the solubility and permeability of the coal and the microbial concentration in the coal seam.It is generally believed that biogenic coalbed gas has a value for σ13C1＜-5.5%,C1/C1+＞0.95.The H isotope ratio is controlled by both the environment and the generation mechanism:typically σD1＜-20%.Biogenic methane formed by CO2 reduction has more σD1 than that formed by acetate fermentation.     

Fissure evolution and evaluation of pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams

Based on nonlinearity contact theory and the geological structure of the Xieqiao Coal Mine in the newly developed Huainan coal field, rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of overlying strata were simulated by using the interface unit of FLAC3D to evaluate the pressure-relief gas drainage in the exploitation of super-remote protected seams. The simulation indicates that the height of the water flowing fractured zone is 54 m in the overlying strata above the protective layer. The maximum relative swelling deformation of the C 13 coal seam is 0.232%,while the mining height is 3.0 m and the distance from the B8 roof to the C13 floor is 129 m, which provides good agreement with a similar experiment and in situ results. The feasibility of exploitation of a super-remote protective coal seam and the performance of the pressure-relief gas drainage in a super-remote protected layer are evaluated by comparisons with practice projects. It demonstrates that the relieved gas in the super-remote protected layers could be better drained and it is feasible to exploit the B8 coal seam before the C13 super-remote protected coal seam. The method is applicable for the study of rock movements, mining fissures and deformation of the overburden, using the interface unit to analyze the contact problems in coal mines.     

Effect of variation in gas distribution on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines

In order to investigate the effect of variation in the distribution of gas on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines, experiments were carried out in two different channels with variation in gas concentration and geometry. Flame and pressure transducers were used to track the explosion front velocity. The flame speed (Sf) showed a slight downward trend while the methane concentration varied from 10% to 3% in the experimental channel. The peak overpressure (Pmax) dropped dramatically when com-pared with normal conditions. As well, the values of Pmax and Sf decreased when the methane concentration dropped from 8% to 6%. The flame speed in the channel, connected to a cylinder with a length varying from 0.5 to 2 m, was greater than that in the normal channel. The peak overpressure was also higher than that under normal conditions because of a higher flame speed and stronger pressure piling up. The values of Pmax and Sf increased with an increase in cylinder length. The research results indicate that damage caused by explosions can be reduced by decreasing the gas concentration, which should be immediately detected in roadways with large cross-sections because of the possibility of greater destruction caused by more serious explosions.     

Water modeling of molten steel flow in a multi-strand tundish with gas blowing

Fluid flow characteristics in a four-strand tundish with gas blowing were studied by water modeling experiments.It is found that gas blowing can greatly improve the flow characteristics in the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor.It dramatically increases the peak concentration time,and greatly decreases the dead volume,and reduces the minimum residence time.The gas blowing location,gas flow rate,and porous plug area greatly influence the flow characteristics in the tundish;the gas blowing location near t...     

大采高综采工作面瓦斯与煤自燃综合治理技术

针对张集煤矿1215（3）高产高效综采工作面高瓦斯、易自燃开采过程中的安全问题,本文介绍了大采高综采工作面采空区顶板高位抽采技术,优化顶板走向钻孔位置,结合顺层钻孔和上隅角埋管等抽采瓦斯措施综合治理瓦斯,同时采取均压通风、加快工作面推进速度、采空区灌浆、注氮等技术措施防治煤自燃,保证了回采期间回风流瓦斯浓度平均小于0.5%,CO浓度20PPm以下,实现了工作面的正常安全生产。研究成果为淮南矿区一次采全高高产高效工作面的瓦斯、防火治理提供了借鉴经验。     

基于叠加原理的气体浓度场数值计算方法

以线性偏微分方程叠加原理为基础,介绍了一种数值计算具有复杂边界条件和源项的气体浓度场的新方法.忽略浓度场对速度场的影响,则已知速度场的组分输运方程为线性对流扩散方程,可以应用线性叠加原理.首先将具有复杂边界条件和源项的浓度场问题分解为若干具有简单边界条件和源项的浓度场问题,然后对每个简单浓度场问题做一次数值模拟,获得其数值解,最后通过叠加这些简单浓度场的数值解,就可以求出复杂浓度场问题的解.该方法的应用可以达到减少数值试验数量、节约计算时间的目的.     

一株枯草芽孢杆菌分离鉴定及其降解稠油特性

以稠油为唯一碳源,从被稠油污染过的土壤中筛选到一株高效石油烃降解茵,经生理生化鉴定和16S rDNA鉴定确认其为枯草芽孢杆茵.在摇瓶实验中,该菌最佳降解温度为35～45℃,最佳pH值为7.5～8.5,最佳盐质量浓度为8～16 g/L.在最佳降解条件下,当油质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,稠油降解率达34.3%.利用GC-nD分析知,该茵主要降解稠油中n-C9～n-C40的烷烃组分;利用GC-MS分析得知,该茵对蔡及烷基化萘去除彻底,对二苯并噻吩、芴和稠二萘等部分芳烃类化合物有降解作用,在稠油降解过程中菲及菲的衍生物有所增加.     

天然气管道事故严重度评价体系研究

为解决由于天然气管道管材的老化、腐蚀以及外力破坏引发事故的评价问题,以目标层、准则层和指标层3层结构体系,构建了天然气管道事故严重度评价体系,该体系从管道类型、事故类型、事故发生地点和事故已有损失4个方面来评价事故的严重程度,采用百分制权重加和法得到事故严重度指标值G,依据G值大小将事故分为3个等级,评估结果可以为管理层提供参考,为制定天然气管道事故抢修抢险方案起到导向作用.