Experimental and numerical simulation of lignite chemical looping gasification with phosphogypsum as oxygen carrier in a fluidized bed

Phosphogypsum (PG) is a solid waste produced in the wet process of producing phosphoric acid.Lignite is a kind of promising chemical raw material.However,the high sulfur of lignite limits the utilization of lig-nite as a resource.Based on fluidized bed experiments,the optimal reaction conditions for the production syngas by lignite chemical looping gasification (CLG) with PG as oxygen carrier were studied.The study found that the optimal reaction temperature should not exceed 1123 K;the mole ratio of water vapor to lignite should be about 0.2;the mole ratio of PG oxygen carrier to lignite should be about 0.6.Meanwhile,commercial software Comsol was used to establish a fuel reaction kinetics model.Through computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation,the process of reaction in fluidized bed were well captured.The model was based on a two-fluid model and coupled mass transfer,heat transfer and chemical reac-tions.This study showed that the fluidized bed presents a flow structure in which gas and solid coexist.There was a high temperature zone in the middle and lower parts of the fluidized bed.It could be seen from the results of the flow field simulated that the fluidized bed was beneficial to the progress of the gasification reaction.     

Some aspects of the role of coal thermoplasticity and coke structure in coal gasification. 2. The effects of pressure and heating rate on dilatometric parameters and optical anisotropy development

An examination of the influence of pressure and heating rate on the thermoplastic properties of a weakly coking coal and of coal with various pitch-like additives was carried out using a high pressure dilatometer. Pressure up to 4 MPa markedly increased the swelling properties and increased the plastic range by decreasing the softening temperature, but the effects of pressure were strongly influenced by rate of heating with high heating rates enhancing the effects. Additions of tar or pitch also enhanced swelling at low pressure. The solid carbonization residues from the dilatometer were examined by polarized light microscopy to determine the content and composition of optically anisotropic species. The anisotropic content was increased by increases in pressure and heating rate and pitch additives enhanced the anisotropic content, especially at low pressure, without affecting the composition of the anisotropy. No direct correlations exist between the dilatometric parameters and the optical anisotropy but their dependence on the conditions emphasizes that when considering high pressure gasification of coal, it is necessary to obtain data under appropriate conditions.     

气流床水煤浆气化技术的应用现状及开发进展

气流床水煤浆气化是煤高效、洁净利用的一项关键技术。简述了具有代表性的气流床水煤浆气化技术的应用现状及开发进展,并分析了影响水煤浆气化的主要因素,如烧嘴、耐火砖、进料系统、激冷环等,提出了一些改进措施。     

双通道喷嘴渣油气化过程(Ⅰ)冷模实验

基于对3套8.53MPa双通道喷嘴渣油气化装置普遍存在的工程现象的思考,组织了模型气化炉冷态试验。测试了3种模型在6种射流速度下的停留时间分布,7种模型在2种射流速度下的速度分布。给出了停留时间分布密度函数、无因次半速度半径轴向增长、径向射流最大速度轴向衰减和径向速度分布计算公式。     

大化肥煤代油CO耐硫变换工艺流程的设计

分析石脑油制氨装置改扩建为水煤浆制氨装置ＣＯ耐硫变换工艺的特点，具体阐述其工艺流程优化设计中需考虑的主要技术问题。     

中氮肥煤造气技术改造调查与评述（上）

重点调查了９０年代以来，全国以煤焦为原料的中氮厂造气工序技术改造的基本情况，对技术改造的效果和存在的问题作了全面的评述，为各企业技术改造提供了一份可借鉴和参考的资料     

发挥贵州煤资源优势,加快煤化工的发展

对贵州煤化工现状进行的描述，指出从煤气化路线出发，以煤制合成气制得氮和甲醇为重点，建立大型煤化工装置并发展其下游产品，是贵州当前煤化工发展的方向。     

煤气化联合循环发电示范状况和煤气化工艺对比

煤炭气化已被确认为制取管道煤气或合成气的技术。经多方研究已被工业化规模生产和煤气化联合循环发电所证实。本文评述了煤的基本性质对气化效率的影响，煤气化联合循环发电示范厂现状和各种选定用于煤气化联合循环发电的第二代煤气化方法的对比。本文最后阐述了煤气化联合循环发电用于改造高能耗的以煤、油和天然气为燃料的中小规模电厂的现实性。     

等离子体煤热解与气化工艺的研究进展

介绍了煤在热等离子体中转化为小分子化合物的2个重要过程,即等离子体煤热解和气化的基本原理、应用及发展状况。在非氧化性气氛中,煤热解生成的气体产物主要是乙炔、氢气、一氧化碳,此外还有甲烷和乙烯等小分子烃,乙炔的收率与煤种、粉煤粒度、反应器结构、粉煤进料方式、进料速度及操作条件密切相关,等离子体中氢的存在有利于乙炔的产生;在氧化性气氛中,煤气化产物主要是一氧化碳和氢气,煤中碳的转化率达95%,合成气体积分数约85%,二氧化碳体积分数低于5%。指出等离子体应用于煤转化过程是煤洁净利用的有效方式,具有潜在的工业化应用前景。     

采用Prenflo气化技术的IGCC流程

Prenflo气化属于粉煤气化技术 ,与Shell的粉煤气化技术相似 ,同属气流床气化工艺 ;整体煤气化燃气 蒸汽联合循环(IGCC)是先进的洁净煤技术 ,具有广阔的应用前景。介绍了IGCC技术的起源、进展、特色 ,重点介绍采用Prenflo煤气化工艺的IGCC流程。