Gradient and weather resistant hybrid super‐hydrophobic coating based on fluorinated epoxy resin

A weather resistant super‐hydrophobic coating that can offer good substrate adhesion and yet to be easily processed at large scale can be of practical use in emerging fields of self‐cleaning and anti‐icing paint, combing all these properties together remains challenging task. Here we describe a composite coating composed of a fluorinated epoxy resin emulsion with embedded in situ surface‐modified dual‐scale nano‐silica, which displayed durable super‐hydrophobicity and excellent adhesive strength. The as‐prepared coating possesses water contact angle of 158.6 ± 1°, sliding angle around 3.8 ± 0.2° which remain stable even under acidic/alkaline, heat/cool, and accelerated aging treatment. The results demonstrate that surface roughness had a micron‐ and nanometer scale distribution with increased particle loading beyond 40 wt %. Through quantitative comparison of surface Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) with bulk FT‐IR transmission spectra, a gradient coating with surface enrichment of hydrophobic groups was determined. The air‐side fluorinated polysiloxane‐rich layer endows coating with weather‐resistance and ultra‐hydrophobicity while bottom epoxy resin layer enhances substrate adhesion. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40955.     

基于软PLC的电气控制器设计

针对以传统PLC为核心设计的控制器存在的电路和控制方式复杂的问题,选用具有可靠性高、抗干扰能力强、易在线修改、易调试操作,具有CAN通信模块的新型软PLC作为电气控制器的控制核心,实现对外部信号的采集、转换、控制,达到了对系统精确控制的目的。实践表明,以软PLC为核心的电气控制器的成功应用,不仅提高了电气控制系统的稳定性和可靠性,且为其他控制系统提供了技术支持和应用依据。     

Impact of the Cd2+ treatment on the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells

The present contribution aims at determining the impact of modifying the properties of the absorber/buffer layer interface on the electrical performance of Cu₂ZnSnSe₄ (CZTSe) thin‐film solar cells, by using a Cd²⁺ partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment of the absorber before the buffer layer deposition. In this work, CZTSe/CdS solar cells with and without Cd PE treatment were compared with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGSe)/CdS references. The Cd PE treatment was performed in a chemical bath for 7 min at 70 °C using a basic solution of cadmium acetate. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements have revealed the presence of Cd at the absorber surface after the treatment. The solar cells were characterized using current density–voltage (J–V), external quantum efficiency, and drive‐level capacitance profiling measurements. For the CZTSe‐based devices, the fill factor increased from 57.7% to 64.0% when using the Cd PE treatment, leading to the improvement of the efficiency (η) from 8.3% to 9.0% for the best solar cells. Similar observations were made on the CIGSe solar cell reference. This effect comes from a considerable reduction of the series resistance (R_S) of the dark and light J–V, as determined using the one‐diode model. The crossover effect between dark and light J–V curves is also significantly reduced by Cd PE treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用方位密度成像测井资料计算水平井钻遇地层倾角的方法

Schlumberger公司的随钻方位密度测井(ADN)可以提供井周16个方位的密度成像资料,为过井眼的地质界面产状的计算提供了方便.对于垂直井或大斜井,当井眼穿过一个有明显电测响应变化的地质界面时,利用井壁成像资料可以方便地描述地质界面的产状;对于水平井,由于井眼轨迹基本与地层平行,井眼轨迹常常只能穿越地层界面.传统的对界面产状的描述方法已不再适用.提出了一种利用方位密度成像测井计算水平井井旁地层产状的方法.希望随着测井新技术的出现不断完善新的解释方法,以提高随钻方位密度测井的使用范围和精度.     

胶接接头界面理论及其表面处理技术研究进展

胶接是用胶粘剂将被粘物表面连接在一起,形成可承受外载的胶接接头的过程,是涉及材料粘附、高分子材料老化机理、表面技术、力学性能测试等多个学科领域的边缘学科.介绍了与胶接接头界面紧密相关的弱界面层理论和润湿理论等领域的研究进展,总结了胶接接头表面处理方面的主要方法.     

外部代码在自动测试系统软件开发中的应用

在介绍虚拟仪器及其开发平台LahVIEW,指出通过调用外部代码接口可以实现与C语言的混合编程。结合一个实例,证明了合理的运用外部代码可以节约系统硬件成本,降低图形化编程的繁杂度,提高程序的执行效率,增强LahVIEW的整体功能。     

The Interface Position and Centre Concentration during Freezing of Carrot Juice in Cylindrical Containers

Finite difference modelling, incorporating a variable space network approximation, was used to study the freezing of carrot juice in cylindrical containers. Ambient temperatures ranged from −6·5 to −14·2°C. The problem was formulated as a moving boundary to find the position of the hypothetical solid–liquid interface and the concentration at the centre. Experimental results obtained for the freezing of carrot juice were satisfactorily represented by the variable space network approximation technique, except for failure at the central positions. This failure was believed to be due to some simplifying assumptions such as constant thermophysical properties and a sharp interface, as well as possible experimental errors.     

Mathematical modelling of moisture desorption in a porous medium

This paper discusses heat and mass transfer in desorption drying. A basic equation system is derived to describe coupled heat and mass transfer in a porous medium with moisture desorption under temperature gradients and a vacuum environment. The desorption mushy zone model is used to obtain an exact solution for coupled heat and mass transfer with a moving desorption mushy zone in a porous half-space. The results are analysed numerically to demonstrate the effects of various parameters on desorption.     

Wave venation in downward gas-liquid two-phase flow (part I,time-spatial behavior chart of interface and analysis of main wave-vein)

Time-series information on both the cross-sectional mean liquid holdup along a tube axis and the gas-liquid phase distribution along a tube diameter was obtained by means of supermultiple cross-sectional mean liquid holdup probes (S-CHOP) and semi-supermultiple point-electrode probes (SS-PEP) for vertical downward gas-liquid two-phase flow. Typical time-spatial behavior charts of interface and gas-liquid interfacial profiles are presented. Close inspection of these results reveals that a huge wave and a disturbance wave appear in downward two-phase flow as well as upward flow. It was clarified that the huge wave flow region covers a wide range of superficial gas velocities. Wave velocity, wave width and maximum liquid holdup of individual waves were examined by wave-vein analysis. Histograms of these flow parameters were also studied. It was found that there exist distinct differences in wave width between the huge wave and the disturbance wave. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Heat Trans Jpn Res, 25(8): 499–510, 1996