Experimental investigation on evaporation interface temperature and evaporation rate of water in its own vapor at low pressures

Evaporative phase transitions are widely present in industrial production and daily life such as thin film processes and crystal growth. The evaporation of the liquid layer and the thermocapillary convection affect each other and restrict each other, making the energy transfer mechanism of the evaporation interface very complicated. To understand the evaporation characteristics of water in its low-pressure pure vapor environment, a series of experimental studies were carried out on the temperature distributions and evaporating rate of water evaporation in the annular pool. The cylinder temperature of the annular liquid pool is controlled between 3℃ and 15℃, and the evaporation environment pressure ranges from 394 Pa to 1467 Pa, when the temperature measurement starts, the depth of water is 10 mm. The results show that the temperature of the vapor side on the liquid-vapor interface is higher than that of the liquid side and there is an obvious temperature jump across the vapor-liquid interface. With the decrease of the pressure ratio, the evaporation rate increases, and the interface temperature jump is enlarged. Meanwhile, with the increase of the distance from the cylinder, the local evaporation rate decreases, thus, the temperature jump decreases. At the same pressure ratio, as the cylinder temperature increases, the heat flux from vapor side decreases, the temperature jump decreases at all measurement points. Within the experimental controlled parameters, the maximum temperature jump obtained in the measurements is 2.56℃. Due to the coupling effect of evaporation cooling and thermocapillary convection, there is a uniform temperature layer with a thickness of about 2 mm under the evaporation interface. The thickness of the uniform temperature layer near the cylinder is always larger than that in the middle of the evaporation interface. In the uniform temperature layer, the thermocapillary convection induced by radial temperature gradient transfers heat from the cylinder to the liquid-vapor interface to compensate for the latent heat of evaporation. Below the uniform temperature layer, the temperature rises rapidly due to heat conduction and buoyancy convection.     

Intensification of low-grade methane enrichment in nitrogen mixture by CH4/CO2 displacement

To solve the problem of CO₂ uncompleted desorption in the process of CO₂ displacement enhancing the adsorption separation of CH₄/N₂, a small amount of product gas CH₄ was used as purge gas to improve the CO₂ desorption. CH₄/CO₂ mixture gas obtained from desorption step was recycled as the displacement gas to enhance the enrichment of low-grade methane in nitrogen mixture. In this work, the research conducted the experiments for CH₄/N₂ separation using CH₄/CO₂ displacement intensification adsorption and the laboratory-made coconut shell activated carbon as sorbent. The mathematical models were built in gPROMS and the accuracy of models was verified by comparison of simulations and CH₄/N₂/CO₂ breakthrough experiments. The performance of enrichment of low-grade methane with displacement intensification using different displacer was compared. The result showed that the process with CH₄/CO₂ displacement had higher purity product than CO₂ displacement. The CH₄/ CO₂ mixed gas replacement enhanced vacuum pressure swing adsorption cycle experiment was carried out, which can jointly enrich 14% CH₄/ N₂ and 53% CH₄/CO₂ to 98.8%, and at the same time obtain a recovery rate of 77.8%.     

基于多尺度数学形态学和高低频能量比值的海上风电场内部瞬态过电压特征分析

目前,海上风电场集电系统因电气设备频繁操作或故障所引起的高频瞬态过电压尤为严重。为识别不同类型下海上风电场内部过电压的瞬态特性,该文首先提出一种多尺度数学形态学信号特征提取方法,构建形态学结构元素新算子,运用多尺度数学形态分解方法提取瞬态过电压的高低频成分,构建适用于识别海上风电场内部瞬态过电压类型的时域特征量。再基于所构造的高频特征量和高低频能量比值识别特征量,结合支持向量机分类器模型对典型的内部瞬态过电压分类识别。仿真和试验研究表明,所提出的数学形态学算法相对于传统的小波算法,构造的特征量区分度更明显,可以准确地识别过电压类型,为海上风电场变电站电气设备的电压保护整定和绝缘配合奠定基础。     

一种用于确定饱和低渗透砂岩岩心中超临界CO2突破压力的数值方法

CO₂突破压力在CO₂地质储存能力、场地选择和盖层安全性评价中起着重要作用。为探究可用于预测CO₂突破压力的数值模拟方法,研究通过使用COMSOL Multiphysics数值软件,提出了一种基于逐步法的数值方法,并对饱和低渗透岩心进行了CO₂突破压力的数值模拟。结果表明:当岩心完全饱水时,CO₂突破压力和突破时间分别5.4 MPa和70 h,通过与已有实验数据对比,证明了此模拟方法是合理的。同时,对CO₂-H₂O系统中的界面张力和VG模型中m/l值进行了敏感性分析,结果表明:在相同的界面张力条件下,m/l参数越大,CO₂突破压力和突破时间越大。另外,随着CO₂-H₂O系统中界面张力的增大,突破压力和突破时间均呈减小趋势。研究可为深入研究岩心尺度上的CO₂突破行为和盖层评价等提供数值信息。     

水平管内流型转换区湿气流经多孔板的压降特性

较之于传统的单孔板,多孔板有压损系数小、整流、低噪声等多方面优点,在湿气流量测量中具有重要应用价值。以空气和水为两相工质,在水平管内湿气流型转换区对小孔分别呈圆形和矩形的2个多孔板的压降特性进行了实验。结果表明:圆孔、槽孔多孔板的湿气压降特性无明显差别;多孔板的气相压降倍率与气相、液相弗劳德数均密切相关;与实验结果相比,现有均相流模型的预报结果均偏高,现有分相流模型的预报结果均偏低;通过气相、液相弗鲁德数双参数对孔板湿气压降模型进行修正,可明显提高压降关联式的预报准确度;基于均相流模型双参数修正所得的多孔板压降关联式的预报精度最优,对圆孔多孔板、槽孔多孔板的预报偏差分别在±7%、±10%以内。     

基于RBF神经网络PID控制的列车ATO系统优化

针对在复杂环境下列车高速运行时,现有的Fuzzy-PID控制算法自适应性差在受到外界因素的干扰时会导致列车追踪误差较大的问题,提出了一种基于径向基(RBF)神经网络PID控制的列车速度控制算法。首先,在构建列车优化模型时,充分考虑列车经过电分相时必须处于惰行工况的特点,并且依据电分相和限速条件的特点将列车行驶过程中的区段进行了划分,简化了求解过程;然后使用RBF神经网络PID控制器对目标速度曲线进行追踪仿真,同时与现有的Fuzzy-PID控制器进行比较。实验结果表明,基于RBF神经网络PID控制算法能够实时有效的追踪目标速度曲线且追踪误差较小。     

高功率密度电机换相过程中磁场特性研究及优化

刘永辉  高心远  展鹏飞  王思宇  高瑾 《微电机》2021,(8):28-32+37

颗粒强化钛基复合材料的氧化特性

研究了以ＴｉＣ颗粒增强的钛基复合材料的氧化特性。指出ＴｉＣ增强的钛基复合材料在６５０℃以上高温有着其它耐热钛合金不可比拟的高温抗氧化性能；ＴｉＣ／Ｔｉ的反应界面层有利于氧原子的扩散，使复合材料在６５０℃以下的氧化初期氧化速度较快；但在６５０℃以下经长时间保温，其氧化特性和其它耐热钛合金相似。     

基于高精度Fuzzy控制算法的校直机液压伺服系统的仿真与应用研究

模糊控制器以其结构简单、鲁棒性强、不需要被控对象的数学模型及粗调快速等优点被广泛应用于工业控制系统。但是,常规模糊控制器也存在控制精度不高、"调节死区"等问题。本文通过对普通模糊控制器的改进,研究出一种高精度模糊控制策略,并将其应用于校直机液压伺服控制系统。最后对控制系统进行了仿真研究,取得了较为满意的效果。仿真结果表明,与常规的模糊控制算法相比,该控制算法具有超调小,响应快等优点。