Cobalt Plasmonic Superstructures Enable Almost 100% Broadband Photon Efficient CO2 Photocatalysis

The efficiency of heterogeneous photocatalysis for converting solar to chemical energy is low on a per photon basis mainly because of the difficulty of capturing and utilizing light across the entire solar spectral wavelength range. This challenge is addressed herein with a plasmonic superstructure, fashioned as an array of nanoscale needles comprising cobalt nanocrystals assembled within a sheath of porous silica grown on a fluorine tin oxide substrate. This plasmonic superstructure can strongly absorb sunlight through different mechanisms including enhanced plasmonic excitation by the hybridization of Co nanoparticles in close proximity, as well as inter- and intra-band transitions. With nearly 100% sunlight harvesting ability, it drives the photothermal hydrogenation of carbon dioxide with a 20-fold rate increase from the silica-supported cobalt catalyst. The present work bridges the gap between strong light-absorbing plasmonic superstructures with photothermal CO₂ catalysis toward the complete utilization of the solar energy.     

Depth‐Resolved Modulation of Metal–Oxygen Hybridization and Orbital Polarization across Correlated Oxide Interfaces

Interface‐induced modifications of the electronic, magnetic, and lattice degrees of freedom drive an array of novel physical properties in oxide heterostructures. Here, large changes in metal–oxygen band hybridization, as measured in the oxygen ligand hole density, are induced as a result of interfacing two isovalent correlated oxides. Using resonant X‐ray reflectivity, a superlattice of SrFeO₃ and CaFeO₃ is shown to exhibit an electronic character that spatially evolves from strongly O‐like in SrFeO₃ to strongly Fe‐like in CaFeO₃. This alternating degree of Fe electronic character is correlated with a modulation of an Fe 3d orbital polarization, giving rise to an orbital superstructure. At the SrFeO₃/CaFeO₃ interfaces, the ligand hole density and orbital polarization reconstruct in a single unit cell of CaFeO₃, demonstrating how the mismatch in these electronic parameters is accommodated at the interface. These results provide new insight into how the orbital character of electrons is altered by correlated oxide interfaces and lays out a broadly applicable approach for depth‐resolving band hybridization.     

PCR法制备地高辛标记探针斑点杂交检测鳗弧菌

以鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum)toxR基因内366~571 bp之间的基因序列为靶序列,采用PCR法制备对鳗弧菌特异性的地高辛标记DNA探针,探针长度为206 bp。选取2株鳗弧菌和8株与鳗弧菌亲缘关系非常接近的常见水产动物致病弧菌,通过斑点杂交法对制备的探针进行特异性检测,结果显示该探针对鳗弧菌杂交阳性,而与弧菌属的其它8株细菌均无交叉反应。这表明该地高辛标记探针具有很强的特异性,它能够很好地对鳗弧菌感染进行检测。     

Comparison of cytopathogenicity, immunofluorescence and In situ DNA hybridization as methods for the detection of adenoviruses

Three different methods were compared for their efficiency at detection of adenoviruses. The samples examined for viral analysis consisted of concentrates prepared from raw sewage, chosen as providing a representation of the spectrum of viruses being intestinally shed from a large population at any given time. When using one single cell line, HEp-2, the overall numbers of adenoviruses detected using cytopathogenicity and immunofluorescence were roughly equal. In situ hybridization was approx. 40% more sensitive than either of these other methods as determined by average virus titers for the different samples, and also proved to be better by means of a nonparametric comparison. The 293 cell line was approx. 5 times more sensitive for detecting adenoviruses by cytopathogenicity as compared with the HEp-2 cell line, but proved unsuitable in our hands for quantitatively detecting indigenous adenoviruses by immunofluorescence. The relative number of indigenous adenoviruses present in the sewage concentrates we examined was, on average, 94-fold greater than that of enteroviruses. Assay of enteroviruses was performed by plaque assay in the BGM cell line.     

高价锕系元素的杂化表的研究

杂化表是固体与分子经验与电子理论的重要组成部分,是各种物理量计算及微观电子结构分析的基本依据。本研究建立了Ｔｈ,Ｐａ,Ｕ,Ｎｐ和Ｐｕ元素的高价态杂化表,对利用ＥＥＴ理论进一步研究这些元素及其化合物具有重要作用。     

籼粳稻杂交理想株型创造与超高产育种及其应用研究

几十年来在籼粳稻杂交育种、水稻理想株型及超高产育种领域完成了大量开拓性应用基础研究,首次提出了籼粳稻杂交育种的关键技术,即通过生物学方法克服籼粳杂交产生的疯狂分离、结实率低和后代不易稳定三大困难以及有利综合籼粳优点的亲本和杂交后代选择技术,使之成为行之有效的常规育种方法,使我国成为世界上籼粳稻杂交育种最成功的国家：在籼粳稻杂交育种基础上,首次明确提出通过籼粳稻杂交创造株型变异、进行理想株型育种的理     

脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)生物传感器的研究现状(Ⅰ)

简要阐述了核酸杂交分析的传统方法和原理,由此对近年来发展起来的ＤＮＡ压电生物传感器、光学生物传感器和光导纤维生物传感器的原理和应用研究作了详细介绍。     

Species Phylogeny versus Gene Trees: A Case Study of an Incongruent Data Matrix Based on Paphiopedilum Pfitz. (Orchidaceae)

The phylogeny of the genus Paphiopedilum based on the plastome is consistent with morphological analysis. However, to date, none of the analyzed nuclear markers has confirmed this. Topology incongruence among the trees of different nuclear markers concerns entire sections of the subgenus Paphiopedilum. The low-copy nuclear protein-coding gene PHYC was obtained for 22 species representing all sections and subgenera of Paphiopedilum. The nuclear-based phylogeny is supported by morphological characteristics and plastid data analysis. We assumed that an incongruence in nuclear gene trees is caused by ancestral homoploid hybridization. We present a model for inferring the phylogeny of the species despite the incongruence of the different tree topologies. Our analysis, based on six low-copy nuclear genes, is congruent with plastome phylogeny and has been confirmed by phylogenetic network analysis.     

苦瓜基因组DNA提取方法的比较研究

目的研究不同方法提取的苦瓜基因组DNA的质量。方法用酚-氯仿法、改良CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）法、试剂盒法提取苦瓜基因组DNA,用Southern杂交和内参PCR检测提取DNA的质量。结果改良CTAB法提取的苦瓜基因组DNA A260/A280=1.85,A260/A230=1.96,Southern杂交检测和PCR扩增都显示内参条带。结论改良CTAB法是提取苦瓜基因组DNA的最适方法。     

Fluorescent in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation (FISHFC) method for specific detection and enumeration of viable Clostridium perfringens

To reduce time for enumeration of viable Clostridium perfringens, fluorescence in situ hybridization in combination with filter cultivation (FISHFC) was employed. The method utilized a CLP-180 probe, based on the 16S rRNA region of C. perfringens, and FISHFC fluorescence microscopy to detect C. perfringens, but not organisms from other species. Optimal cultivation requirements for micro-colony formation were TSC medium, anaerobic conditions, 37 °C, and incubation for 6 h. Under these conditions, micro-colony diameters reached 100 μm, a size sufficient for hybridization. Enumeration of C. perfringens using the CLP-180-aided FISHFC method was realized in 9 h as compared to 3–5 days required by the conventional plate count method. Moreover, viable C. perfringens counts of food samples from the two methods were not significantly different.