Kinetics of desulfurization of hydrogen sulfide using metallic copper as a desulfurizer

The kinetics of desulfurization of hydrogen sulfide, using metallic copper as desulfurizer, have been investigated over a range of temperatures and pressures of hydrogen sulfide. Our results indicate that there are two stages of reaction; activation energies for the first and second stages are 63 kJ/mol and 38 kJ/mol, respectively. Possible reaction mechanisms in which the initial rate is controlled by interface reaction and the later stage is controlled by diffusion through or in the Cu₂S layer are consistent with the experimental data.     

Steam Reforming of Methanol on Copper Catalysts Supported on Large-Surface-Area ZnAl2O3

Steam reforming of methanol on various supported Cu catalysts was examined. Supports strongly affected catalyst activity and, among the catalysts tested, Cu catalyst supported on large-surface-area ZnAl₂O₄ showed the highest activity, which, to the best of our knowledge, was higher than those for the supported catalysts reported so far. For supported Cu catalysts, two species were observed. One was a dispersed Cu species having strong interaction between Cu and support, and the other was an isolated Cu species. The activity of the former species strongly depended on supports.     

Fracture Characteristics and Damage Evolution of Coating Systems Under Four‐Point Bending

The fracture and damage behaviors of ceramic coating/alloy substrate systems under four‐point bending were investigated using a scanning electron microscope to observe in situ tests. Both the thin and thick coatings fractured by tensile instability at the pure bending sections, and multiple transverse cracks that were vertical to the interface occurred in the coatings. The average crack spacing was greater for the thick coatings than for the thin ones. A catastrophic failure model was developed to explain the damage evolution behavior of the coatings. The damage was found to increase sharply near the failure point.     

氯化氢废气的回收及治理

在原有氯化氢废气回收方法的基础上，提出了降膜吸收氯化氢废气的新方法，并取得了良好效果，环境污染也明显减少。     

炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯/丁苯橡胶热塑性硫化胶的形态演变

采用动态硫化法制备了炭黑增强高抗冲聚苯乙烯(HIPS)/苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)/丁苯橡胶(SBR)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),考察了炭黑填充量对其力学性能的影响,通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)观察了动态硫化过程中橡胶相的形态演变。结果表明,在TPV的分散相SBR中填充炭黑,可使TPV的力学性能获显著改善;随着动态硫化的进行,橡胶相在交联的同时逐渐被撕碎为分散相,在动态硫化至8 min时橡胶相呈稳定的类球状形貌,其粒径为3~6 μm,且表面呈现出纳米乱片层状结构。     

Cu欠电位沉积法制备高效Pt/碳布析氢电极的研究

以阳极氧化处理的碳布（ACC） 为导电基体,利用Cu的欠电位沉积（UPD）和Cu与Pt金属前驱体之间的置换反应制备了Pt/碳布（Pt/ACC）电极材料,并对其微观结构和电催化分解水制氢性能进行了表征。结果表明,通过控制Cu的沉积电位可以有效地控制Pt的负载量和其在ACC表面的分散状态。随着沉积电位从0.32到0.15 V vs. RHE的变化,Pt/ACC电极材料中Pt的负载量呈线性增加,在0.5 MH2SO4溶液中的产氢反应结果表明,随着Pt负载量的增加,析氢起始电位逐渐降低,当沉积电位为0.15 V vs. RHE时,Pt在ACC表面的负载量仅为588 μg·cm-2,所得Pt/ACC电极材料起始电位为-0.05 V vs. RHE,且达到10 mA·cm-2电流密度所需的过电位仅为68 mV,tafel斜率为34.2 mV·dec-1,电极的催化产氢活性与块体Pt箔相近。     

非热等离子体烃类燃料氧化重整反应器的研究进展

燃料氧化重整(部分氧化)为温和的放热反应,其反应速率快、能耗低,特别适用于在线制取氢气或富氢气体。大气压非热等离子体为燃料氧化重整提供了一种应用前景广泛的新技术,展现了对燃料具有普适性、快速响应和反应器紧凑高效等优点。综述了大气压非热等离子体烃类燃料氧化重整反应器的研究进展,着重阐述了火花和滑动弧放电产生的暖等离子体及其烃类燃料重整反应器。与电晕和介质阻挡放电产生的冷等离子体反应器相比,暖等离子体反应器具有燃料转化率高和能耗低的优点。     

表面钯–磷膜对LaNi_(4.25)Al_(0.75)材料贮氢性能的影响

以机械粉化的La Ni4.25Al0.75贮氢合金粉末为基底材料,对其表面进行Pd–P化学镀覆。通过扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪等对沉积膜层的表面形貌和成分结构进行表征和分析。考察了化学镀覆Pd–P前后La Ni4.25Al0.75合金粉末的贮氢性能。结果表明,在La Ni4.25Al0.75颗粒表面化学镀覆Pd–P膜层能够改善其抵抗O2和N2毒化作用的能力。     

吸收法制取硫化氢气体的工艺设计

为回收合成氨生产过程产生的酸性气体,采用聚乙二醇二甲醚溶剂（NHD）,通过物理吸收及加热再生的方法,制取高纯度硫化氢气体。两塔流程中吸收塔和再生塔均为填料塔,选用QH-1扁环填料。结果表明,硫化氢产品体积分数大于95％。     

15℃时NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O四元体系相平衡

为了改进过氧化尿素合成的生产工艺,采用等温法测定了15℃时NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O四元体系及其三元子体系CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O和NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O的相平衡数据,依据所绘相图分析,结合热重和XRD表征,得出实验条件下NaCl和尿素能形成新的加合物CO(NH2)2×NaCl,其热稳定性比纯尿素高. 根据相图计算,15℃时CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O体系合成过氧化尿素的适宜条件范围较宽,在母液不利用的情况下H2O2的收率为58.08%;而在NaCl-CO(NH2)2-H2O2-H2O体系中,NaCl对过氧化尿素形成没有盐析效应.