数据中心极早期火灾探测及火灾探测器的选择

在对数据中心的火灾形成和蔓延特性进行分析的基础上．以及对点型火灾探测器的特点进行剖析的前提下．提出数据中心的极早期火灾探测应采用空气采样烟雾探测报警系统和线型光纤火灾自动报警系统．并阐述了这两种极早期探测系统的应用方法和应用范围．     

Optimization of ventilation systems in office environment,Part II: Results and discussions

Whether one considers the issues related to office workers' well-being and productivity or the issues from an energy and environmental perspective, there are clear evidences in favor of improving the quality of office environment. Part I of this paper proposed a simulation-based optimization approach by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques in conjunction with genetic algorithm (GA), with the integration of an artificial neural network (ANN) for response surface approximation (RSA) and for speeding up fitness evaluations inside GA loop. In this part, the results from data preparation for ANN model construction, ANN training and testing, and sensitivity analysis (regarding the impact of weighting factors in the objective function on the optimization results) are presented. Final optimization results indicate that the present choices of objective function and optimization approach are able to result in great improvement in the design and operation of ventilation systems in an office environment, with the goal of enhancing the thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) without sacrificing the energy costs of ventilation.     

高寒地区JYC生态基材护坡现场试验及测试研究

选取川西高寒高海拔地区鹧鸪山隧道西引道典型的路堑岩质陡边坡作为现场护坡试验工点,介绍JYC生态基材护坡的施工工艺与方法,对植被在高寒气候条件下的生长状况和越冬过夏能力进行长期的监控和评价。3 a多的现场护坡试验表明:JYC生态基材不仅具有良好的保水、保肥,耐旱抗冻和抗侵蚀能力,而且具有优良的团粒结构和黏结性能,能够与锚杆、铁丝网和植物根系组成复合的工程结构,并与岩质陡边坡形成一个有机整体,确保了基材自身和边坡在雨水和严寒条件下的浅、表层稳定。经过3 a多的取样测试表明:JYC生态基材物理性质较稳定,pH值属于中性土壤范围,天然含水率在40%左右,能够很好地满足高寒地区岩石陡边坡植物生长的要求;并且3 a中JYC生态基材养分含量的平均值分别为:全氮3.61 mg/kg,有效磷19.55 mg/kg,有效钾504.90 mg/kg,有机质7.56%,基材属于肥力较强的基质,能够持续提供给植物生长10 a以上的养分。JYC生态基材护坡技术既经济又环保,并能有效地防止土壤的酸化和板结,掺入高分子材料的生态基材护坡方法,是高寒高海拔地区岩质陡边坡生态护坡技术发展的方向。     

传统文化的领悟在本土建筑设计中的重要性

分析了中国传统文化对建筑的影响,探讨了文化差异在建筑上的不同表现,论述了当今本土建筑设计发展的现状,指出中国传统文化在我国建筑设计中直得到重视和应用,以发展具有民族特色的建筑。     

粗集数据挖掘技术在市场营销中的应用

基于粗糙集理论的启发式数据挖掘算法,先量化数据属性的重要性,再对属性排序,并对选择的属性子集进行约简条件判定.在选择若干次后获得满足约简条件的属性子集.利用该算法,通过预处理、数据约减等步骤从商场营销数据库中收集顾客属性数据,消去多余数据属性.并由此预测需求趋势,评估需求倾向的改变,以便进行决策.     

稀有气体同位素样品取样及分析方法改进

根据渗透性、释气性、密封性特征,不锈钢、紫铜适合作为气体、水稀有气体同位素样品取样容器材料,尽量避免使用工艺玻璃容器,特别是不能使用石英玻璃容器。重晶石、黄铜矿、黄铁矿等硫酸盐和硫化物是良好的研究单矿物包裹体稀有气体同位素组成特征的实验对象,也可以根据矿床类型选择适当的单矿物,粒度一般为20~40目,质量2 g左右。铜管冷焊法是水样品取样一种比较可靠的新方法,其特点是具有极低的漏率。取样体积一般为50 mL,可以实现稀有气体同位素组成与含量的测定,为水中溶解性稀有气体同位素示踪提供了有力支撑。水中气泡气体取样采用正压吹扫法收集气体,该方法操作方便,易收集气体,一个大气压条件下,取样体积为50 mL。不锈钢管、紫铜管等金属材料的使用,可保证样品在相对较长时间保存过程中避免大气的污染。简述了包裹体、水、气体三类样品稀有气体同位素组成分析主要原理和流程。     

配网重点物资采购抽检方案研究

针对现行配网物资采购抽检制度中存在的不同批量的产品事实上宽严程度不一致的问题,基于常用的MIL-STD-1916抽样标准,提出一种计数调整型的配网重点物资抽检方案。该抽检方案结合电网的抽检实际,在考虑科学性的基础上,兼顾电网抽检相关文件中规定的重点物资抽样检验4个“百分之百”的要求和(n|0)要求,且不加大现有抽检工作量。研究成果可以直接应用于配网物资采购抽检实际工作中。     

Monte-Carlo simulation of industrial radiography images and experimental designs

In this article, we present a generic software for the simulation of gamma-ray radiography. This software simulates the entire radiographic system, from the source to the detector consisting of metallic screens and films. In an industrial context where the goal is to detect structural flaws in material like cracks, this simulator allows to compute gamma-ray images for different system parameters. By this way, engineers can choose an optimal set of parameters leading to the best image of flaws. We use Monte-Carlo techniques for the simulation of the whole system composed of a source, an object to inspect and a detector. The main contribution of this paper is to show that simulated images are coherent with real images although we use a simplified model for particle transport. Besides, we propose an acceleration technique to simulate the Markov chain of photon transport. Finally, an experimental design is performed leading to a linear model expressing the influence of the system parameters on image quality.     

Efficient SRAM yield optimization with mixture surrogate modeling

Largely repeated cells such as SRAM cells usually require extremely low failure-rate to ensure a moderate chi yield. Though fast Monte Carlo methods such as importance sampling and its variants can be used for yield estimation, they are still very expensive if one needs to perform optimization based on such estimations. Typically the process of yield calculation requires a lot of SPICE simulation. The circuit SPICE simulation analysis accounted for the largest proportion of time in the process yield calculation. In the paper, a new method is proposed to address this issue. The key idea is to establish an efficient mixture surrogate model. The surrogate model is based on the design variables and process variables. This model construction method is based on the SPICE simulation to get a certain amount of sample points, these points are trained for mixture surrogate model by the lasso algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed model is able to calculate accurate yield successfully and it brings significant speed ups to the calculation of failure rate. Based on the model, we made a further accelerated algorithm to further enhance the speed of the yield calculation. It is suitable for high-dimensional process variables and multi-performance applications.     

光纤差动保护系统在煤矿供电网络中的应用

介绍了在井下采区变电所高爆开关中安设线路光纤差动保护装置取代原来配置的速断过流保护装置作为线路首保护,该装置应用在常村煤矿(高瓦斯矿井)庞大复杂的供电网络中,五年多正常运行而取得的显著效果。该保护系统可以实现"四遥"(遥测、遥信、遥控、遥脉)功能和有效避免煤矿供电网络中时常发生的"越级跳闸"现象,增强煤矿供电的连续性和可靠性,进一步提高电网运行的稳定性,为矿井安全有序生产保驾护航。