Optimization of downhole pump setting depths in liquid-dominated geothermal systems: A case study on the Balcova-Narlidere field,Turkey

Downhole pumps are being used increasingly more often in low-enthalpy geothermal wells. The depth at which these pumps are installed depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the geothermal fluid, the production flow rate, and the reservoir pressure and permeability. In this study we have investigated the factors affecting pump setting depths in low-temperature, liquid-dominated geothermal systems and defined the relationship between flow rate and pressure drawdown based on multi-rate test results. The methodology proposed was applied to the Balcova-Narlidere geothermal field, Turkey. It was found that the most important parameters for determining the capacity and setting depth of a downhole pump were flow performance, non-condensable gas concentration, and temperature. The implementation of the methodology is illustrated.     

稀疏气泡流动的粒子跟踪测速技术研究

采用动态阈值技术实现了对气泡图像的正确分割，利用灰度加权方法提高了气泡颗粒的定位精度。根据稀疏气泡流动图像的特点，提出了一种新的基于相关的粒子跟踪测速算法（2-HPTV）。通过进行两时刻中围绕待研究气泡所取的两个小的诊断窗口的相关运算，成功实现了气泡颗粒的轨迹追踪。实验表明本文算法较传统的PIV技术在测速精度上有很大程度的提高，与4帧粒子跟踪测速算法相比，降低了对摄像机帧频的要求，具有较强的实用性。     

A polydispersed particle system representation of the porosity for non-saturated cementitious materials

In this paper, the porosity of cementitious materials is described in terms of pore size distribution by means of a 3-dimensional overlapping sphere system with polydispersivity in size. On the basis of results established by Lu and Torquato [B. Lu, S. Torquato, Nearest-surface distribution functions for polydispersed particle systems, Phys. Rev. A 45(8) (1992) 5530-5544] and Torquato [S. Torquato, Random Heterogeneous Media: Microstructure and Macroscopic Properties. Springer-Verlag: New York, 2001] providing relations for nearest-neighbor distribution functions, the volume fraction of pores having a radius larger than a prescribed value is explicitly expressed. By adopting an appropriate size distribution function for the sphere system, it is shown that the pore size distribution of cementitious materials as detected for instance by mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), which generally points out several pore classes, can be well approached. On the basis of this porosity representation, the evaluation of the capillary pressure in function of the saturation degree is provided. The model is then applied to the simulation of the saturation degree versus relative humidity adsorption curves. The impact of the pore size distribution, the temperature and the thickness of the adsorbed water layer on these parameters are assessed and analyzed for three model materials having different pore characteristics.     

Feasibility study on the use of polyallyldiglycol-carbonate cell dishes in TUNEL assay for alpha particle radiobiological experiments

In the present work, we have studied the feasibility of a method based on polyallyldiglycol-carbonate (PADC) films to investigate the effects of alpha particles on HeLa cervix cancer cells. Thin PADC films with thickness of about 20 μm were prepared from commercially available CR-39 films by chemical etching to fabricate custom-made petri dishes for cell culture, which could accurately record alpha particle hit positions. A special method involving “base tracks” for aligning the images of cell nuclei and alpha particle hits has been proposed, so that alpha particle transversals of cell nuclei can be visually counted. Radiobiological experiments were carried out to induce DNA damages, with the TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence method employed to detect DNA strand breaks. The staining results were investigated by flow cytometer. The preliminary results showed that more strand breaks occurred in cells hit by alpha particles with lower energies. Moreover, large TUNEL positive signals were obtained even with small percentages of cells irradiated and TUNEL signals were also obtained from non-targeted cells. These provided evidence for the bystander effect.     

Ant colony optimization approach to estimate energy demand of Turkey

This paper attempts to shed light on the determinants of energy demand in Turkey. Energy demand model is first proposed using the ant colony optimization (ACO) approach. It is multi-agent systems in which the behavior of each ant is inspired by the foraging behavior of real ants to solve optimization problem. ACO energy demand estimation (ACOEDE) model is developed using population, gross domestic product (GDP), import and export. All equations proposed here are linear and quadratic. Quadratic_ACOEDE provided better-fit solution due to fluctuations of the economic indicators. The ACOEDE model plans the energy demand of Turkey until 2025 according to three scenarios. The relative estimation errors of the ACOEDE model are the lowest when they are compared with the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (MENR) projection.     

对水厂一期滤池技术改造后的经济评价

本文主要从经济角度分析净水厂实际生产情况及经济技术指标等方面的数据。阐述福州西区水厂一期滤池由原先双阀滤池改造成V型滤池的经济性。     

黑河右岸溢洪洞左导墙优化试验

黑河水利枢纽右岸溢洪洞为缩短引渠左导墙的长度,减少施工开挖量,降低施工难度,减少工程投资,进行优化试验.通过对7种不同的方案对比分析,选择了合适的体型,满足了工程要求.     

模糊规划在炼油厂生产计划优化中的应用

生产计划的编制是炼油化工企业生产经营管理中的一个关键环节，然而由于市场变化的不确定性，使得企业的长远规划制定受到限制，笔者将模糊数学应用于炼厂生产计划的编制，通过模糊规划对炼油企业生产计划进行优化，使编得的生产计划在一定程度上反映市场的变化并使企业的生产效益最优，为企业管理决策者进行长期规划给予指导，给出了实例来说明该方法的可行性。     

Solid State Concepts to Understand Catalysis Using Nanoscale Metallic Particles

New advances in theoretical background and recent experimental results concerning nanometer scale metallic clusters are presented. We will begin by a presentation of the advantages and the limitations of synchrotron radiation techniques to characterise nanometer scale entities. Then, through a review of recent papers, we try to make a link between metallic surfaces and nanometer scale monometallic clusters in the case of the interaction with a small molecule, namely NO.     

X射线三轴晶衍射法测量半绝缘GaAs单晶的化学配比

采用X射线三轴晶衍射法,根据As间隙原子对作为过量As在GaAs单晶材料中存在的主要形式的模型,可以无损、高精度测量半绝缘GaAs单晶的化学配比.并探讨了引起晶格变化的原因及其与熔体组分的关系,对于制备高质量GaAs单晶及其光电器件具有重要的意义.