Mandibular gland secretions of the male beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis,P. barbatus,andP. pulcher (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

The composition of the territorial marking pheromones from mandibular glands of males of the beewolvesPhilanthus crabroniformis, P. barbatus, andP. pulcher have been determined. The structures of the components were elucidated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The major compound ofP. crabroniformis is isopropyl tetradecanoate, with somewhat lesser amounts of 2-tridecanone, 3-methyl-3-butenyl tetradecanoate, and 928 (Z)(E)-11-eicosen-1-ol. The major compounds ofP. barbatus are ethyl tetradecanoate and hexadecanal, which are present in approximately a 6040 ratio. These two compounds comprise over 95% of the neutral lipids. Also present in lesser amounts are ethyl dodecanoate, tetradecanal, hexadecan-1-ol, a ^x -octadecen-1-ol, and octadecan-1-ol. The major compounds ofP. pulcher are ethyl (Z)-7-hexadecenoate and geranylgeraniol acetate, which comprise nearly 90% of the neutral lipid fraction, with smaller amounts of tetradecanal, pentadecanal, and ethyl hexadecanoate; trace amounts of ^x hexadecenal, hexadecanal, and octadecanal are also present.     

The crystallization characterization of bulk syndiotactic polystyrene sample: immediate evidence from IR spectroscopy

The crystallization characterization of bulk syndiothactic polystyrene (s-PS) sample is thoroughly studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The WAXD is further used to identify the s-PS crystal formation to confirm the specific absorbance in FTIR spectra. Both melt and cold-crystallization behavior are quantitatively determined using FTIR spectra ranging from 870 to 820 cm⁻¹ at 264 °C. Fitting curves to IR spectra provides direct evidence of bulk s-PS crystallization behavior in quantification. The melt-crystallization process yields the β-form only; while the cold-crystallization process yields both the α and the β-form crystal in bulk s-PS sample. The β-form crystal is generated from the phase-transformation of the α-form crystal by cold-crystallization process, the α-form crystal is the initial phase. The activity energy of the α-form formation is lower that that of the β-form, suggesting that the α-form crystal is kinetically favorable while the β-form crystal is thermodynamically favorable.     

几种光谱方法(FTIR、FT-Raman,NMR)在橡胶分析中的应用

综述了傅里叶变换红外光谱 ,傅里叶变换拉曼光谱以及核磁共振波谱在橡胶结构的定性、定量分析中的应用     

二苯二硒的合成和晶体结构

报道了一种新的合成工艺,采用氯化镉为催化剂,利用空气中的氧气直接氧化苯硒酚合成了二苯二硒晶体,表征了其晶体结构和红外光谱性质。晶体属于正交晶系,空间群 P21 21 21,a= 0 5646 (2) nm,b= 0 8288 (3) nm,c=2 4100(9)nm; V=1 1276(7)nm3,Dc=1 839 g·cm-3,Z=4, R=0 0259。     

ESI-MS法对重烷基苯烃基结构的研究

采用多种分析手段,其中以电喷雾质谱为主的方法研究了重烷基苯的烃基结构。首先通过柱色谱法对重烷基苯进行分离,将其分成了六个族组分。通过各族组分的红外、紫外鉴定,确定它们各自的归属,用电喷雾质谱测定Ⅱ～Ⅴ族组分磺酸盐的相对分子量分布,结合红外、紫外测定的结果及每族物质的不饱和度和通式,推算出了烷基芳烃部分的相对分子质量和烷基的碳数分布。重烷基苯中几个主要成分的碳数分布为:其中二烷基苯的碳数分布在10～25之间,单烷基苯的碳数分布在10～25之间,烷基萘的碳数分布在5～20之间,烷基二联苯的碳数分布在4～19之间。     

Desulfurization in a plate-type gas-lift photobioreactor using light emitting diodes

Hydrogen sulfide gas was removed in a 2-dimensional gas-lift reactor by the photosynthetic microorganismChlorobium thiosulfatophilum using light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a light source. LEDs saved light energy by 99% compared with the incandescent light source. The plate-type gas-lift reactor removed hydrogen sulfide five times better per unit mg of protein, and performed two times better in the maximum performance per unit luminous flux, compared with cylindrical fermentors.     

有机化合物及聚合物的计算机辅助红外光谱法鉴定

建立了计算机辅助红外光谱法鉴定有机化合物及聚合物的新方法,介绍了计算有机化合物和聚合物的一些经验公式。程序设计首先收集、整理常用聚合物、有机添加剂和有机小分子的红外光谱数据,然后提取反映该物质特征的吸收峰数据,制作ACCESS数据库,利用VisualBasicDAO数据链接方式,根据查询要求动态链接数据库,利用要求查询的聚合物特性,经过经验公式的算法翻译,生成SQL查询语句进行查询。     

采用DSC和FTIR对木材和API胶粘剂间反应的研究

采用差示扫描星热法(Differential Scanning Calormelry,简称DSC)和傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱(Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy,简称FTIR)对木材和水性高分子异氰酸酯胶粘剂(Aqueous Polymer Isocyanate,简称API)的胶接机理进行了研究。DSC和FTIR的试验结果均表明:API胶粘剂和木材间发生了化学反应:API胶粘剂和木材间发生的反应所需活化能远小于API胶粘剂的主剂+固化剂的活化能,亦即用API 胶粘剂胶接木材时发生的反应要比API胶粘剂本身的固化反应容易得多,同时从理论上证明使用API胶粘剂胶接木材时装配时间最长不应超过其活性期的一半时间,且装配时间越短越好;文中还研究了升温速率对API胶粘剂DSC图谱的影响。     

UV‐radiation–induced preirradiation grafting of methyl methacrylate onto lignocellulose fiber in an aqueous medium and characterization

The preirradiation method of grafting has been established by ultraviolet radiation. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was grafted onto jute fiber in an aqueous medium. The variation of graft weight with UV‐radiation time, monomer concentration, and reaction time was investigated. The conversion of monomer into homopolymer and graft copolymer was evaluated. The graft weight passes through a maximum value (～ 122%) with UV‐radiation time. The optimum value of the monomer concentration was evaluated for maximum degree of grafting. Graft copolymerization of MMA onto lignocellulose fiber significantly increases the elongation at break (～ 65%) compared to that of the “as‐received” sample. However, a linear decrease on breaking load was observed with the increase of graft weight. The estimation of degree of grafting was achieved using an IR technique by correlating band intensities with the degree of grafting. Considering the water‐absorption property, the grafted sample showed a maximum up to 61% decrease in hydrophilicity compared to that of the as‐received sample. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1667–1675, 2004     

NO adsorption on Cu-ZSM-5: assignment of IR band at 2133 cm−1

The adsorption of nitrogen oxides on Cu-ZSM-5 was studied by infrared spectroscopy to elucidate the species associated with the band at 2133 cm^–1. The band was found for both NO and NO₂ adsorption. Labeling experiments with¹⁵NO revealed that the associated surface species contained nitrogen and, most likely, an N-O bond. Co-adsorption experiments of NO and oxygen produced adsorbed nitronium, NO ₂ ⁺ , as the principal, associated species. Adsorption of nitrogen oxides on dispersed CuO and the HZSM-5 support demonstrated that the 2133 cm^–1 band was not necessarily associated with copper ions. A relatively strong correlation between the bands at 2133 and 3615 cm^–1 indicates that the primary adsorption sites of NO ₂ ⁺ are the strongly protic, bridging Si(OH)Al framework hydroxyls. Once these were filled, other, weaker acid sites began to adsorb NO ₂ ^O .