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21.
Steel dowel bar is used to transfer loads in concrete pavement slab. However, once the steel dowel bar corrodes, it may cause faults, such as joint freezing in concrete pavement, level differences resulting from spalling or decreased efficiency of load transfer, etc., which are the same problems experienced by typical reinforcing steel. This study evaluated the applicability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) dowel bar as a substitute for steel dowel bar. A microstructural analysis was conducted to examine the decrease in durability of GFRP dowel bar exposed to deterioration environments. To analyze the deterioration mechanism of GFRP dowel bar, scanning electron microscopy was employed and the porosity was measured by the gas absorption method. It was concluded that the longer the GFRP dowel bar was exposed to deterioration environments, the more the interlaminar shear stress decreased. This result was validated by the microstructural analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
22.
Levent Onal Sophie Cozien‐Cazuc I. Arthur Jones Christopher D. Rudd 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,107(6):3750-3755
The moisture uptake of polymers and composites has increasing significance where these materials are specified for invasive, long‐term medical applications. Here we analyze mass gain and the ensuing degradation mechanisms in phosphate glass fiber reinforced poly‐?‐caprolactone laminates. Specimens were manufactured using in situ polymerization of ?‐caprolactone around a bed of phosphate glass fibers. The latter were sized with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane to control the rate of modulus degradation. Fiber content was the main variable in the study, and it was found that the moisture diffusion coefficient increased significantly with increasing fiber volume fraction. Diffusion, plasticization, and leaching of constituents appear to be the dominant aspects of the process over these short‐term tests. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
23.
The transitions and reactions involved in the thermal treatment of several commercial azodicarbonamides (ADC) in an inert atmosphere have been studied by dynamic thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), mass spectrometry and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A pseudo‐mechanistic model, involving several competitive and non‐competitive reactions, has been suggested and applied to the correlation of the weight loss data. The model applied is capable of accurately representing the different processes involved, and can be of great interest in the understanding and quantification of such phenomena, including the simulation of the instantaneous amount of gases evolved in a foaming process. In addition, a brief discussion on the methodology related to the mathematical modeling of TGA data is presented, taking into account the complex thermal behaviour of the ADC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
24.
Abdul S Chaudhry 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(14):2617-2624
BACKGROUND: Two factorial studies compared enzymic and in sacco methods to estimate degradation of ruminant foods. Enzyme degradation (in vitro = enzyme) was determined from the release of leucine‐equivalent amino acid (LA) crude protein (CP) from sunflower meal (SF), maize gluten meal (MG), distillers' dark grain (DG) and field beans (FB) after their separate incubations with Streptomyces griseus enzyme for 0–24 h. In sacco crude protein (CP) degradation of these foods was estimated during washing (0 h) and rumen incubations in fistulated cows for 2–24 h. The LA data were expressed as g LA per either kg of CP (LACP) or acid‐hydrolysable LA (HLA) of each food and compared with in sacco data. RESULTS: These methods showed comparable degradation with time (P < 0.01). The in sacco and HLA were greater than LACP for all foods except MG where in sacco value was either lower or equal to LACP depending upon the incubation time (P > 0.05 or P < 0.05). Conversely, HLA was significantly (P < 0.01) greater than LACP from 2 h onwards. At 0 h, in sacco values were significantly greater than those of enzyme for SF, DG and FB (P < 0.05) but not for MG. The foods differed significantly for degradation constants (a, b, c) in each method (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite variations between in sacco and enzyme estimates for different foods, the relationships between these estimates suggest that the HLA enzyme method has the potential to estimate food degradation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
25.
In this work the synergistic effects of microwave (MW) irradiation induced oxidation processes and CoFe2O4 were studied for the degradation of brilliant green (BG) from aqueous solutions. Under the optimum condition, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:167 (0.3 g CoFe2O4 mixed with 50 mL of 20 mg L−1 BG solution), MW power 600 W, and the time of the irradiation 2 min. And the decolorization rate could reach up to 100%. Further investigation showed that BG was degraded by MW-induced oxidation combined with CoFe2O4 surface adsorption. The CoFe2O4 could increase the efficiencies of MW degradation and be used repeatedly. The experimental results indicated that the method of MW degradation BG in the presence of CoFe2O4 could reduce reaction time and increase product yield. 相似文献
26.
在不同反应温度条件下采用原位聚合法在石英基片上制备了聚苯胺薄膜.对薄膜样品进行了紫外光谱、SEM、电性能表征。实验结果表明,过高的合成温度会加速聚合反应过程,抑制膜厚的增长,引起薄膜的热降解,进而对样品的导电性产生不良影响。根据生长速率与合成温度的依赖关系,估算了聚合反应的活化能Ea=34.4kJ/mol。 相似文献
27.
K. Nakano S. Tomiya M. Ukita H. Yoshida S. Itoh E. Morita M. Ikeda A. Ishibashi 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1996,25(2):213-216
Using electroluminescence (EL) topography and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we investigated the nonluminescent regions
which form while current is being injected into ZnMgSSe/ZnSSe/ZnCdSe-based blue light emitters. Small dark spots were observed
just after turn-on and spread out forming rough nonluminescent triangles in the <100> directions in the EL image of the active
region. TEM studies showed that the small dark spots are pre-existing stacking faults originating at the substrate/epitaxial
layer interface. The nonluminescent triangles were found to be a dense region of dislocation dipoles and dislocation loops.
Each dipole was aligned along two <110> directions in the {111} planes. The Burgers vectors were of the type a/2<011> inclined
at 45° to the (001) junction plane. 相似文献
28.
《Drying Technology》2007,25(5):891-899
Degradation kinetics of food constituents may be related to the matrix molecular mobility by glass transition temperature. Our objective was to test this approach to describe ascorbic acid degradation during drying of persimmons in an automatically controlled tray dryer with temperatures (40 to 70°C) and air velocities (0.8 to 2.0 m/s) varying according a second order central composite design. The Williams-Landel-Ferry model was satisfactorily adjusted to degradation curves for both control strategies adopted—constant air temperature and temperature fixed inside the fruit. Degradation rates were higher at higher drying temperatures, independent of the necessary time to attain the desired moisture content. 相似文献
29.
30.
The time‐dependent rheological behavior of a series of 3‐hydroxybuytrate‐based semicrystalline copolymers is employed to determine the expected rheological curves that would be generated in the absence of any polymer degradation. Both dynamic frequency sweep and shear rate sweep experiments were analyzed. A model for the degradation kinetics, coupled with standard rheological relationships, was employed to extrapolate the measured sweeps to predicted curves at time zero, prior to degradation. The model is broadly applicable over a wide range of frequencies or shear rates, and generates a single degradation rate constant k for each polymer studied. A similar, although ad hoc, procedure was applied to the dynamic storage and loss moduli. The model provides a method for determining the rheological behavior of degrading polymers over a time interval, typically found in processing applications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102:1794–1802, 2006 相似文献