养老机构公共空间需求及影响因素研究 ——基于Kano模型分析

运用细分后的Kano模型甄别养老机构中老年人对公共空间需求的优先度排序及其影响因素的主次排序。首先通过规范、文献研究与访谈研究获取南京市养老机构中老年群体公共空间需求要素,并将得到的需求项进行层次归属划分。接着测算SI与DI系数量化各项需求对空间满意度的影响,得出公共空间需求优先度排序。最后利用多元线性回归对需求项的影响因素进行分析,探讨“自我”和“家庭”维度下影响因素的主次排序。得出养老机构公共空间的设计应首先满足老年人医疗保健空间层面的需求且空间需求受老年人“自我”维度下失能等级的影响程度最深。通过对需求重要度的排序,可以得出设计的优先满足策略,提升空间的利用效率及老年群体的满意度,为养老机构公共空间的投入侧重点提供理论依据。     

矿山建设节约集约用地技术研究

节约集约用地一直是矿山建设中研究的课题之一。结合某冶金矿山工程的设计和建设实际,在共享社会资 源、联合及集约化建设、先进高效的充填采矿技术、科学合理的总平面布置与竖向设计、分期征地等方面 进行了研究,合理地控制了建设用地指标,优化了用地布局,提高了矿产资源利用率和土地资源对经济社 会发展的承载能力。该矿山建设共节约土地327.67 hm2,效果显著,矿山建设在设计阶段研究节约集约用 地技术是十分必要的。矿山生产中的废物得到充分循环利用,最大限度地削减工程污染物排放量和保护生 态环境。土地复垦是节约集约用地的重要方面,在矿山设计中对矿山结束时的土地复垦做出规划设计,有 利于矿山集约用地,促进社会可持续发展,实现土地资源可持续利用。     

热力学(火用)及其普遍化表达式的动力学特征

分析了功、热、能和的物理意义以及与热力学定律的关系,做功和传热是能和传递与转换的两种途径,从热力学第一定律定义的能量只有相对意义。是系统相对于环境所具有的做最大有用功的能力,相对于选定的环境,是系统的状态参量。常规的计算式是从热力学第一和第二定律导出的结果,从动力学的角度讨论了及其普遍化表达式的物理含义。起源于系统与环境的不平衡,如果系统与环境之间存在着某种(或几种)强度量差,在强度量差的推动下系统可能自动地变化到与环境相平衡的状态(寂态),在这样的过程中系统可以对外做功,这种做最大有用功的能力就是系统的。在能量公设的基础上,的微分被普遍地表示为强度量差与其共轭的广延量微分的乘积。的普遍化表达式完整地反映了的物理含义及其动力学特征,利用能量和的普遍化表达式导出了损失的普遍化表达式。     

Action-research-based optimisation model for health care behaviour change in rural India

In this research, we utilise a multi-method braided approach for a real-world health care intervention in rural India. We first use action research to conceptually underpin the role of self-help groups, disease profiles and appropriate interventions in health care behaviour change and improvement. Action research is then coupled with a non-linear integer-programming-based simulation to determine how health care resources need to be distributed over time, disease type and groups. The action research provides specific research questions and distributional forms needed for the optimisation analysis, while the non-linear integer-programming simulation provides specific recommendations on where and when to distribute resources. External validity of the study is ensured by the adoption of recommendations in the field as part of the action research. Findings from this research have important policy implications. For example, it identifies the value of continuous embedded interventions as opposed to periodic ones and the importance of flexibility in terms of which community groups and disease types to serve over time. This research also provides an important bridge between the operations research, health care in developing nations, organisational theory and humanitarian operations bodies of knowledge.     

An adaptive clinical decision support system for serving the elderly with chronic diseases in healthcare industry

With the increasing ageing population worldwide, providing effective nursing care planning in nursing homes is important in meeting the expectations of elderly patients and in streamlining the healthcare information process, hence maintaining high‐quality services. Instead of the traditional manual nursing care planning formulation based on expert experience and subjective judgement, this paper describes an adaptive decision support system, namely, the cloud‐based nursing care planning system, to enable decision making in formulating nursing care strategies. By integrating cloud computing technology and the case‐based reasoning (CBR) technique, medical records and documents pertaining to the elderly can be captured in real time, whereas appropriate treatment plans based on past similar treatment records can be formulated. However, the current case adaptation processes in CBR rely on domain experts to modify retrieved cases, which may not satisfy the needs of the elderly. Therefore, text mining is integrated in the case adaptation process of CBR for extracting up‐to‐date medical information from the Internet so that its efficiency can be improved. By conducting a pilot study in a nursing home, it was shown that the time for formulating applicable treatment plans for elderly patients can be reduced, and the service satisfaction level can be enhanced.     

一例血凝酶制剂致低纤维蛋白原血症患者的药学监护

目的: 探讨蛇毒血凝酶制剂在肝硬化患者应用中的药学监护。方法: 临床药师参与一例肝硬化伴低纤维蛋白原血症患者的治疗,根据国家药品不良反应监测中心的评价标准进行药学评价,判断为蛇毒血凝酶制剂所致不良反应,建议避免使用相关药物并对该患者进行药学监护。结果: 临床药师利用专业知识提供合理化用药建议,被临床医生接纳,及时有效地处理药物不良反应,使患者得到有效治疗后顺利出院。结论: 临床药师参与肝硬化患者的治疗过程,开展药学服务,可提供合理、有效的用药建议以确保患者用药安全。     

Eye care professionals’ perceptions of the benefits of daily disposable silicone hydrogel contact lenses

PurposeTo gain a better understanding of eye care professionals’ (ECPs) perceptions regarding the benefits of silicone hydrogel (SiH) daily disposable contact lenses (DDCL), particularly with respect to health, comfort and patient satisfaction.MethodsA survey was conducted with 300 ECPs in the United States, United Kingdom and Japan during November 2017. The survey comprised 34 statements relating to SiH DDCLs, to which the ECPs provided their level of agreement using a 6 point Likert scale. A minimum of 70% agreement was set to define majority agreement. Categories of statements included Health, Comfort, Patient Experience, and Standard of Care.ResultsECPs rated the highest levels of agreement to perceptions within the Patient Experiences and Health categories. The six statements receiving the highest ratings were “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses satisfy today’s patients’ demanding lifestyles” (93% agreement); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses are the best choice to safeguard my patients’ eye health related to contact lens wear” (92%); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide the best benefits to my patients” (92%); “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide better long term eye health for my patients than hydrogel 1 day lenses” (91%); “Silicone hydrogel is the healthiest lens material for my daily disposable patients” (90%); and “Silicone hydrogel 1 day lenses provide a better wearing experience for my patients than hydrogel 1 day lenses” (90%).ConclusionECPs perceive that SiH DDCLs offer long-term eye health and comfort for the patient and although the ECPs surveyed would not necessarily prescribe SiH DDCLs to all their patients, they would prescribe them to most of their patients. The results support the premise that while ECPs consider SiH 1 day contact lenses as the current “standard of care”; the principal barrier continues to be the perceived higher cost of these lenses.     

Patients’ and prescribers’ perception of contact lenses as a potential ocular drug delivery system

Contact lenses (CLs) designed to deliver medication gradually to the eye are being developed and investigated for the use in ocular drug delivery. The aim of the current research is to determine patients’ acceptance of the use of lenses for ocular drug delivery. In addition, the study aimed to seek the views and perceptions of healthcare professionals (HCPs) on CLs as a method of ocular drug delivery and whether it will be prescribed to treat ocular conditions.This was a cross-sectional survey targeted at patients and HCPs. Two separate questionnaires were created with open-closed ended and multiple response questions, gauging the perceptions and acceptance of CLs as drug delivery tool. The patients’ survey was distributed in John Radcliffe (JR), Oxford and Moorfields eye hospital (MEH), London, UK. The HCPs’ questionnaire was manually distributed and was also devised on Survey Monkey and sent by email to ophthalmologists, optometrists, opticians, GPs and hospital and community pharmacists. The data were analysed using SPSS statistical software and Excel.Over 60% (92/151) of patients would accept the use of CLs for their ocular treatment with the highest acceptance being reported by patients in the age group of 30–49 years old. The most frequently used conventional treatment formulation was eye drops as indicated by 87% (131/151) of the responses. More than half of eye drop users (57%, 75/131) indicated that they would accept using CLs expecting them to reduce the frequency of application of the medicine and be less time consuming. Interestingly, half of HCPs were not aware of CLs as an ocular drug delivery method; nevertheless, a total of 65 HCPs out of the 112 surveyed stated that they would prescribe/dispense CLs to treat ocular disease.     

月见草花保健饮料的研制

月见草花保健饮料是以月见草花、山楂、木糖醇为原料,经过一系列处理制得的一种酸甜可口、风味独特、营养丰富、适合于中老年人和糖尿病患者饮用的保健性饮料,并且通过正交实验对月见草花及山楂的浸提工艺和产品配方作了系统的论述。