Organizational Partnerships in China: Self-Interest, Goal Interdependence, and Opportunism.

Opportunism in organizational partnerships may be understood in terms of how partners conclude that their self-interests are related to each other. When partners believe that their goals are competitively but not cooperatively related, they are tempted to pursue their self-interests opportunistically. Cognitive understandings and values of a shared vision may help partners believe their goals are cooperatively related. Results from 103 pairs of customer and supplier organizations support the argument that partnerships are not inevitably threatened by opportunism. Using structural equation analysis, the authors suggested that shared vision can help partners develop cooperative goals that lead to low levels of opportunism. These results suggest that a shared vision and cooperative goals are important foundations for effective organizational partnerships. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Team Goal Commitment and Team Effectiveness: The Role of Task Interdependence and Supportive Behaviors.

The objectives of this study were to test the relationships between team goal commitment and 3 criteria of team effectiveness (i.e., team performance, quality of group experience, and team viability) as well as to examine the moderating effect of task interdependence and the mediating role of supportive behaviors. Data were gathered from a sample of 74 teams working in 13 Canadian organizations. Results indicated that team goal commitment is positively related to all 3 criteria of team effectiveness. In addition, task interdependence moderates the relationship between team goal commitment and team performance. Furthermore, supportive behaviors mediate the relationships that team goal commitment has with team performance and the quality of group experience. Implications of these findings and future research needs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Social Networks, Structural Interdependence, and Marital Quality Over the Transition to Marriage: A Prospective Analysis.

This study examined the relationship between couples' network interdependence and marital quality in a sample of 347 couples that were recruited at the time of their first marriage. Husbands and wives completed separate, self-administered questionnaires at home. Analyses are based on data collected at the time of marriage, at the first anniversary, and at the second anniversary. Results indicated that after marriage, husbands' and wives' friend and family networks became increasingly interdependent. Moreover, the interdependence of the friend and family networks at marriage predicted wives' marital quality at the first anniversary, whereas wives' marital quality at the first anniversary predicted the interdependence of the friend network at the second anniversary. No significant longitudinal relations were observed for husbands. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A cultural task analysis of implicit independence: Comparing North America, Western Europe, and East Asia.

Informed by a new theoretical framework that assigns a key role to cultural tasks (culturally prescribed means to achieve cultural mandates such as independence and interdependence) in mediating the mutual influences between culture and psychological processes, the authors predicted and found that North Americans are more likely than Western Europeans (British and Germans) to (a) exhibit focused (vs. holistic) attention, (b) experience emotions associated with independence (vs. interdependence), (c) associate happiness with personal achievement (vs. communal harmony), and (d) show an inflated symbolic self. In no cases were the 2 Western European groups significantly different from one another. All Western groups showed (e) an equally strong dispositional bias in attribution. Across all of the implicit indicators of independence, Japanese were substantially less independent (or more interdependent) than the three Western groups. An explicit self-belief measure of independence and interdependence showed an anomalous pattern. These data were interpreted to suggest that the contemporary American ethos has a significant root in both Western cultural heritage and a history of voluntary settlement. Further analysis offered unique support for the cultural task analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The contribution of resource interdependence to IT program performance: A social interdependence perspective

Combinations of multiple, related projects into interdependent programs are becoming common in the field of information technology. However, little work exists to study the impact of interdependence in the program environment to achieve collective success. Social interdependence theory provides a structure to examine whether collaborative efforts promote behaviors that result in higher levels of success. Using resource interdependence as an indicator of collaboration, a model of promotive behaviors is developed using the lens of social interdependence. Expectations are that resource interdependence conditions will promote more mutual support, effort, and communication. In turn, these behaviors will lead to an improvement in the business objectives and operational efficiency of the organization. A survey of program and project managers in information system vendors located in India support the model. The results provide support for the argument that programs are effective organization structures that capitalize on interdependencies and that the social interdependence theory provides a consistent model to explain the benefits of resource interdependence.     

Associations among experiential avoidance, couple adjustment, and interpersonal aggression in returning Iraqi war veterans and their partners.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of experiential avoidance (EA) in relationship adjustment, psychological aggression, and physical aggression among military couples. Method: The sample was composed of 49 male soldiers who recently returned from deployment to Iraq and their female partners. As part of a larger study, participants completed self-report measures of emotional avoidance (EA; Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II), relationship adjustment (Dyadic Adjustment Scale), and conflict (Conflict Tactics Scale–2). Data from men and women were simultaneously modeled with the actor–partner interdependence model. Results: Men's EA was associated with decreases in relationship adjustment and increases in physical aggression perpetration and victimization. For women, relationship adjustment was not associated with EA, but greater EA among women was associated with decreased relationship adjustment for male partners. Associations among EA and psychological aggression were nonsignificant. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that EA may play a critical role in the relationships of couples following deployment and highlight the importance of targeting EA in couple therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

信息检索中的句子相似度计算

为同时提高信息检索的查全率和查准率,提出一种基于语义依存度的句子相似度改进算法。在计算关键词相似度的基础上,研究基于语义依存相似度算法,在判定句子有效搭配对权重时加入语义角色标注信息,对算法进行加权,并用实例证明其可行性。在提高系统查全率的基础上,用改进算法对查询结果进行重排序,从而提高前K个返回结果的查准率。实验数据显示,重排序后的前20篇返回文档的查准率比系统排序前提高了3.6%。结果表明,该算法能有效提高系统查准率。     

Effects of task interdependence on the relationship between helping behavior and group performance.

The authors examine whether task interdependence moderates the relationship between the helping form of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) and group performance. In a laboratory study, 62 groups with 3 members each completed a card-sequencing activity in which the level of task interdependence among group members was manipulated. Independent evaluators assessed helping by viewing videotapes of the groups' interactions during the sequencing activities. Performance was measured as a combined function of group speed and accuracy. Two prior field studies reported contradictory results regarding the impact of helping on group performance. Results from this study suggest that task interdependence may explain these results, and that the relationship between helping and group performance depends on the level of task interdependence required of group members. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Constructing Interdependencies with Collaborative Information Technology

Interdependencies are constructed when peoplegradually build mutual relationships betweenthemselves. In this study the focus is oninterdependencies at work, in long-termprojects or groups. Viewing interdependencerelationships dynamically, as social practices,it is possible to appreciate the complex andsituated nature of this formation. The maingoal of the study is to develop a theoreticalaccount of the dynamics of the intertwinedprocesses of interdependence construction andcollaborative technology appropriation and use.The main dimensions of this account are: (1)how interdependence is constructed andestablished as a social process, (2) howinformation and communication are involved inthese processes, and (3) in what wayscollaborative information technology cancontribute to or hamper these processes. Thefirst dimension builds upon structurationtheory. Three earlier case studies arere-visited with the approach, with the outcomeof several issues to be explored. Thetheoretical approach opens up an extensiveresearch program of interdependenceconstruction in relation to collaborativeinformation technology appropriation and use.     

考虑节点相依关系的装备保障网络演化模型

随着装备保障体系由传统层级式、树状结构向复杂的网络化结构不断演化,原有的研究方法和演化规律已经不能很好地解决遇到的多网络演化问题。基于不同子网络节点之间的相依关系,将相依网络理论应用到装备保障网络的演化分析过程中。分析装备保障体系的网络化特征,结合装备保障网络中节点的异质性、维修网络和储存与供应网络之间业务、信息等交互关系的存在,建立基于相依网络理论的装备维修和储存与供应保障网络演化模型,并结合最大连通子图和网络保障效率定义网络鲁棒性度量指标。在网络演化模型中,根据装备保障机制确定模型演化规则与演化步骤,定义网络相依比例参数F（表征具有交互关系的维修节点和储存与供应节点所占比例）和相依冗余度参数K（表征具有相依关系的保障节点之间数量对应关系）。通过仿真分析二者对网络鲁棒性的影响。演化仿真结果表明：通过控制维修节点和储存与供应节点之间交互节点比例F及相依冗余度K,能够在一定范围内提高保障网络的鲁棒性及其整体保障效能。