陶瓷刀具断续车削淬硬钢切削力和切削温度的有限元分析

为揭示Al2O3/(W,Ti)C陶瓷刀具断续车削淬硬钢时的切削力、刀具温度以及刀具应力的变化规律及相互关系,采用有限元方法进行金属切削仿真。仿真结果表明,断续车削过程中,刀具承受十分明显的周期性机械载荷冲击与热载荷冲击;单个切削周期内机械载荷与热载荷的变化规律体现了两者的密切相关性以及时间上的不一致性;由于剪切角偏转的影响,刀具最大主应力显著增大,所以切出过程对刀具破坏的作用尤为严重。     

Large scale integration of wind power: moderating thermal power plant cycling

Power plant cycling in thermal plants typically implies high costs and emissions. It is, therefore, important to find ways to reduce the influence of variations in wind power generation on these plants without forsaking large amounts of wind power. Using a unit commitment model, this work investigates the possibility to reduce variations by means of a moderator, such as a storage unit or import/export capacity. The relation between the reduction in CO₂‐emissions and the power rating of the moderator is investigated, as well as the benefit of a moderator which handles weekly variations compared with a moderator which has to be balanced on a daily basis. It is found that a daily balanced moderator yields a decrease in emissions of about 2% at 20% wind power grid penetration. The reduction in emissions is mainly due to an avoidance of start‐up and part load emissions and a moderator of modest power rating is sufficient to achieve most of this decrease. In the case of a weekly balanced moderator, emissions are reduced as the moderator power rating increases. At 40% wind power grid penetration, a weekly balanced moderator reduces emissions with up to 11%. The major part of this reduction is due to the avoidance of wind power curtailment. The simulated benefit (CO₂‐emissions and costs) from adding a general moderator is compared with emissions from Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies and cost data of five available moderator technologies; transmission capacity, pumped hydro power, compressed air energy storage, flow batteries and sodium sulphur batteries. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

考虑响应程度反馈和昼夜充电分布的公交车站双阶段响应模型

大规模电动公交车充电负荷接入电网导致负荷峰值攀升,电网安全性和经济性下降,为此提出了一种考虑响应程度反馈和昼夜充电分布的双阶段充电响应模型。建立了电动公交车双阶段充电负荷模型,基于电动公交车的排班模型确定调控时段,并将各调控时段的充电状态作为控制变量;提出了行程裕度系数的概念,将电动公交车的充电需求分配到夜间和白天,实现双阶段充电;制定了基于响应程度的削峰响应分段激励结算机制,依据响应系数将响应分为欠响应、有效响应、过响应,并通过惩罚系数和饱和系数引导公交车站实现有效响应;在此基础上,建立了电动公交车夜间-日间双阶段充电响应模型,以单位电量净支出作为指标实现公交车站效益最大化;基于粒子群优化算法,通过定义约束偏离程度函数,给出了带约束条件的优化策略。通过仿真验证了所提策略能可靠完成响应任务,电动公交车的单位电量净支出大幅下降,且电网的响应经济负担较固定激励方式更轻。     

Conventional and intermittent drying modeling of agricultural products: A review

The purpose of this article is to present a discussion about recent technologies applied to processes involving intermittent drying of agricultural products, in addition to verifying the adjustment of mathematical models, both for conventional and intermittent drying, based on recent research in the literature. It was found that new mathematical models are being studied to describe the drying kinetics, one of which is the generalized Lewis model. Regarding intermittent drying, mathematical models are generally based on mass and energy balances. Furthermore, to obtain the mathematical modeling of intermittent drying for intermittent products, some researchers employ the effective diffusivity technique to describe all possible mechanisms of moisture movement, being estimated by Fick's second law of diffusion. Energy savings were also analyzed for different raw materials, ranging from 6% to 75%. It has been shown that the tempering time, and the conditions of the samples under study, affect energy consumption.     

基于Pro/E的带线缝合针自动打孔夹持机械手设计及仿真分析

针对医用缝合针尾部同轴装线孔的孔径微小、同轴度要求高以及人工生产效率低下的问题,设计了一种由四槽轮驱动的间歇性同步送料及夹持机械手。给出了夹持机械手开合角度与自身结构参数以及凸轮廓线大、小半径差的关系。通过Pro/E软件进行机构三维建模并利用仿真功能进行了机构运动仿真,输出夹持机械手与送料盘及待打孔缝合针配合关键点位置坐标曲线,并输出具体曲线数据检查了系统设计误差,为带线缝合针自动打孔机整机设计奠定了基础。     

大潮差河口闸下水流的流动特性分析

福建数座河口水闸发生剧烈淘刷,闸上游和下游的最大冲刷深度达到闸室高度的0.5~1.2倍,且屡修屡毁。有的水闸经多次除险加固后,不得不再花巨资重建。通过数学模型和物理模型揭示了河口水闸下游水位因受东海大潮差海潮影响发生剧烈波动时的变化规律,发现了水闸泄流过程中的间歇性淹没及非常工况甚至出现逆流的独特流动现象,给出了典型日孔流及堰流泄流能力动态变化过程线,分析了消能工变化对闸址水流结构的显著影响,并对水闸水毁修复前后闸下冲刷进行了预测。结果表明:水闸修复前闸下涨急最高水位4.53 m,修复后下降0.67 m,水闸修复后逆流现象减弱。修复后首次水跃位置往上游移动了35 m,平均水跃高度下降47.46%,闸后及二级池末端最大流速2.27 m/s和0.08 m/s,较修复前分别下降了40.58%和96.48%。常遇泄流条件下,水闸的淹没度和泄流能力呈现不断变化的动态过程。当西溪水闸62#先启孔全开,上游保持正常高水位3.2 m,下游为最低潮位-0.72 m时,修复后最大冲刷深度减少64.48%,消能防冲效果十分明显。研究成果对河口水闸安全运行具有一定的参考价值。     

唐山矿注水压裂工业试验研究

 瓦斯一直是制约煤矿企业安全生产的主要危害之一,瓦斯抽采已成为治理矿井瓦斯的主要手段和未来趋势。论文设计并实施了唐山矿T3286工作面注水压裂增透抽采工业试验,实践验证了注水压裂增透对提高抽采效果的有效性。对于唐山矿T3286工作面,优选注水压裂的相关技术参数：注水压力为12MPa时注水影响半径为20m。研究结果对于煤矿企业,特别是唐山矿提高瓦斯抽放率具有重要意义。     

循环间歇溅射工艺对PLT薄膜性能的影响

采用射频磁控溅射技术利用循环间歇溅射工艺,在Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si基片上制备出了镧钛酸铅(PLT)薄膜。通过原子力显微镜、X-射线衍射仪分析了循环间歇溅射工艺对薄膜形貌、结构和铁电性能的影响。实验结果表明,相比于连续溅射工艺,循环间歇溅射工艺的基片温度较低,且制得的PLT薄膜晶粒细小、均匀,结构致密。薄膜具有纯钙钛矿型结构,循环次数从1次增加到3次,其(100)和(200)峰衍射强度逐渐增强,结晶性提高,铁电性能逐渐增强,其饱和极化强度由28μC/cm2增大到53μC/cm2,剩余极化强度由5μC/cm2增大到12μC/cm2。循环4次溅射后,薄膜的结晶性和铁电性开始下降。     

热水间歇供暖加热过程数理模型

将建筑物供暖过程模拟划分为两个串联工作的热力系统,在假设条件下建立间歇供暖加热过程微分方程组及其关系式,并通过初步的实验加以验证,结果表明假设条件基本符合实际,误差能满足工程需要。     

Experimental and numerical investigation of intermittent drying of timber

Intermittent drying may be of interest in the future to address energy issues. Such drying conditions are also likely to help stress relaxation through mechanosorptive creep. The influence of applying oscillations of temperature and relative humidity during the drying of beech timber on time and drying stresses is discussed in the paper by means of nonsymmetrical and loaded drying. Experimental data were used to validate a numerical model in the case of intermittent drying. The model was then used to perform a numerical investigation of the possibility of using an intermittent energy source to dry wood.