Macroscopic model for multispecies ion-exchange kinetics

A model for multispecies ion-exchange kinetics based on the Nernst-Planck equation is suggested. It is analyzed in comparison with the “locally-determinate” model described by Hwang and Helfferich [1]. The model makes possible simple computation. The conditions for the occurrence of unusual kinetic curves with a maximum are clarified. The proposed model is developed for different types of kinetic problems and verified by the experimental investigation of a kinetics in ternary systems.     

离子注入硅的线源非相干光瞬时退火温度计算

本文利用高温模型,计算了在我们的实验条件下对离子注入硅进行线源非相干光瞬时退火的退火温度,并与实验结果比较,两者符合得较好。     

等离子体聚合有机膜的离子注入改性

以苯胺为单体在等离子体条件下进行聚合，测量所合成的有机膜经１００ｋｅＶ、５×１０１５ｃｍ￣（－２）Ａｒ￣＋注入后电阻率的变化，并用ＦＴＩＲ、ＸＰＳ和核分析方法对离子注入引起的结构和成分改变进行了探讨。结果表明，在等离子体环境下，聚合膜内仍含有大量环结构。由于Ａｒ￣＋的注入，聚合膜表面损伤而碳化，使注入层内的体电阻率降低１１个数量级。     

As离子注入形成硅化钨的研究

大规模集成电路的发展使集成度不断提高,器件尺寸减小,线条变窄。现常用的多晶硅栅和互连,由于电阻率高,限制了集成电路的速度。近年发展起来的硅化物材料,因其电阻率低、稳定性好、自对准性能好而常被用作大规模集成电路中的欧姆接触,互连和肖特基势垒。     

Ammonium Accumulation Caused by Reduced Tonoplast V-ATPase Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity.     

Na+ and/or Cl− Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and a “high cation” negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na⁺ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl⁻ salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl⁻ salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻) affected the photosynthesis (P_n) of soybean more than Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on P_n of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na⁺ toxicity in soybean, Cl⁻ toxicity in mungbean, and both Na⁺ and Cl⁻ toxicity in cowpea and common bean.     

PREPARATION OF TiN FILMS BY N_2 ASSISTED Xe~+ ION BEAM ENHANCED DEPOSITION AND THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

A new method for preparation of hard TiN films has been developed by using electronbeam evaporation-deposition of Ti and bombardment with 40 keV Xe~+ ion beam ina N_2 gas environment.The synthesized TiN films were superior to PVD and CVDones in respects of improved adhesion to substrate and low preparing temperature.Theyexhibited good wear resistance and high hardness up to 2200 kg/mm~2.Some industrialapplications have been reported.     

Na+掺杂对LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2结构和电化学性质的影响

采用高温固相法成功制备了不同Na+掺杂浓度的Li_1-xNa_xNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂锂离子电池正极材料,探究了Na元素掺杂对层状氧化物正极材料结构以及电化学性能的影响。通过X射线粉末衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的结构和形貌,结果表明,当x≤0.3时,样品不会出现其它杂相;当x＞0.3时,样品中会出现NaNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂的杂相。同时随着掺杂浓度的增加,样品的阳离子混排度逐渐增加。电化学性能结果表明,少量Na+的掺入可以提高LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂在0.2C,0.5C下的放电比容量并增强其循环稳定性,但会损坏材料的倍率性能。     

Selective preparation of light aromatic hydrocarbons from catalytic fast pyrolysis vapors of coal tar asphaltene over transition metal ion modified zeolites

The catalytic cracking of coal tar asphaltene (CTA) pyrolysis vapors was carried out over transition met-alion modified zeolites to promote the generation of light aromatic hydrocarbons (L-ArHs) in a pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) micro-reactor system.The effects of ultra stable Y(USY),Co/USY and Mo/USY on the selectivity and yield of L-ArHs products and the extent of deoxygena-tion (Edeoxygenation),lightweight (Elightweight) from CTA pyrolysis volatiles were investigated.Results showed that the yields of L-ArHs are mainly controlled by the acid sites and specific surface area of the catalysts,while the deoxygenation effect is determined by theirs pore size.The Elightweight of CTA pyrolysis volatiles over USY is 9.65％,while the Edeoxygenation of CTA pyrolysis volatiles over Mo/USY reaches 20.85％.Additionally,the modified zeolites (Mo/USY and Co/USY) exhibit better performance than USY on L-ArHs production,owing to the synergistic effect of metal ions (Mo,Co) and acid sites of USY.Compared with the non-catalytic fast pyrolysis of CTA,the total yield of L-ArHs obtained over USY (4032 mg·kg-1),Co/USY (4363 mg·kg-1) and Mo/USY (4953 mg·kg-1) were increased by 27.03％,38.19％ and 54.78％,respectively.Furthermore,the possible catalytic conversion mechanism of transition metal ion (Co and Mo) modified zeolites was proposed based on the distribution of products and the characterizations of catalysts.     

多级结构MoS2/C复合材料的储锂性能

利用二硫化钼和葡萄糖为原料,采用一锅乙醇/水复合溶剂热-后热处理法制备了绣球花状结构MoS₂/C复合材料。考查了乙醇/水复合溶剂的合理组成和MoS₂/C复合材料中碳的合理含量,分别采用SEM和TEM表征了MoS₂/C材料的形貌结构,通过TGA测试和计算了材料中的碳含量。采用循环伏安、恒流充放电和交流阻抗等测试了MoS₂/C复合电极的电化学性能。结果表明,MoS₂/C复合材料拥有多级花球状结构,缓解了MoS₂的团聚,使电极材料的利用率和电化学稳定性显著提高。当V（乙醇）：V（水）为1：2,碳含量为50%时,MoS₂/C复合电极在200 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,充放电循环100次后,可逆容量达到762 mA·h·g^-1。