内热式液态合金离子源

本文介绍了一种实用的液态合金离子源结构，我们利用本结构研制成功了Ａｕ－Ｓｉ和Ａｕ－Ｓｉ－Ｂｅ液态合金离子源，测出了它们的发射特性。     

Macroscopic model for multispecies ion-exchange kinetics

A model for multispecies ion-exchange kinetics based on the Nernst-Planck equation is suggested. It is analyzed in comparison with the “locally-determinate” model described by Hwang and Helfferich [1]. The model makes possible simple computation. The conditions for the occurrence of unusual kinetic curves with a maximum are clarified. The proposed model is developed for different types of kinetic problems and verified by the experimental investigation of a kinetics in ternary systems.     

离子注入硅的线源非相干光瞬时退火温度计算

本文利用高温模型,计算了在我们的实验条件下对离子注入硅进行线源非相干光瞬时退火的退火温度,并与实验结果比较,两者符合得较好。     

Na+ and/or Cl− Toxicities Determine Salt Sensitivity in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.), and Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Grain legumes are important crops, but they are salt sensitive. This research dissected the responses of four (sub)tropical grain legumes to ionic components (Na⁺ and/or Cl⁻) of salt stress. Soybean, mungbean, cowpea, and common bean were subjected to NaCl, Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and a “high cation” negative control for 57 days. Growth, leaf gas exchange, and tissue ion concentrations were assessed at different growing stages. For soybean, NaCl and Na⁺ salts impaired seed dry mass (30% of control), more so than Cl⁻ salts (60% of control). All treatments impaired mungbean growth, with NaCl and Cl⁻ salt treatments affecting seed dry mass the most (2% of control). For cowpea, NaCl had the greatest adverse impact on seed dry mass (20% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts had similar intermediate effects (~45% of control). For common bean, NaCl had the greatest adverse effect on seed dry mass (4% of control), while Na⁺ salts and Cl⁻ salts impaired seed dry mass to a lesser extent (~45% of control). NaCl and Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻) affected the photosynthesis (P_n) of soybean more than Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺) (50% of control), while the reverse was true for mungbean. Na⁺ salts (without Cl⁻), Cl⁻ salts (without Na⁺), and NaCl had similar adverse effects on P_n of cowpea and common bean (~70% of control). In conclusion, salt sensitivity is predominantly determined by Na⁺ toxicity in soybean, Cl⁻ toxicity in mungbean, and both Na⁺ and Cl⁻ toxicity in cowpea and common bean.     

PREPARATION OF TiN FILMS BY N_2 ASSISTED Xe~+ ION BEAM ENHANCED DEPOSITION AND THEIR MECHANICAL PROPERTIES

A new method for preparation of hard TiN films has been developed by using electronbeam evaporation-deposition of Ti and bombardment with 40 keV Xe~+ ion beam ina N_2 gas environment.The synthesized TiN films were superior to PVD and CVDones in respects of improved adhesion to substrate and low preparing temperature.Theyexhibited good wear resistance and high hardness up to 2200 kg/mm~2.Some industrialapplications have been reported.     

Contrasting Rootstock-Mediated Growth and Yield Responses in Salinized Pepper Plants (Capsicum annuum L.) Are Associated with Changes in the Hormonal Balance

Salinity provokes an imbalance of vegetative to generative growth, thus impairing crop productivity. Unlike breeding strategies, grafting is a direct and quick alternative to improve salinity tolerance in horticultural crops, through rebalancing plant development. Providing that hormones play a key role in plant growth and development and stress responses, we hypothesized that rootstock-mediated reallocation of vegetative growth and yield under salinity was associated with changes in the hormonal balance. To test this hypothesis, the hybrid pepper variety (Capsicum annuum L. “Gacela F1”) was either non-grafted or grafted onto three commercial rootstocks (Creonte, Atlante, and Terrano) and plants were grown in a greenhouse under control (0 mM NaCl) and moderate salinity (35 mM NaCl) conditions. Differential vegetative growth versus fruit yield responses were induced by rootstock and salinity. Atlante strongly increased shoot and root fresh weight with respect to the non-grafted Gacela plants associated with improved photosynthetic rate and K⁺ homeostasis under salinity. The invigorating effect of Atlante can be explained by an efficient balance between cytokinins (CKs) and abscisic acid (ABA). Creonte improved fruit yield and maintained the reproductive to vegetative ratio under salinity as a consequence of its capacity to induce biomass reallocation and to avoid Na⁺ accumulation in the shoot. The physiological responses associated with yield stability in Creonte were mediated by the inverse regulation of CKs and the ethylene precursor 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid. Finally, Terrano limited the accumulation of gibberellins in the shoot thus reducing plant height. Despite scion compactness induced by Terrano, both vegetative and reproductive biomass were maintained under salinity through ABA-mediated control of water relations and K⁺ homeostasis. Our data demonstrate that the contrasting developmental and physiological responses induced by the rootstock genotype in salinized pepper plants were critically mediated by hormones. This will be particularly important for rootstock breeding programs to improve salinity tolerance by focusing on hormonal traits.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢氮离子注入层超显微硬度的研究

应用超显微硬度计测定１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ奥氏体不锈钢氮离子注入层的硬度，并用Ａｕｇｅｒ电子能谱仪（ＡＥＳ）及高精度轮廓仪测定氮离子注入层氮浓度分布及深度．结果表明：在９０ｋｅＶ，３ｘ１０~１７Ｎ＋／ｃｍ~２注入时．共注入层深度为０．１８μｍ、用１ｍＮ载荷侧得本征硬度ＨＶ为３．４７ＧＰａ，比非注入态表面硬度提高三倍之多，合理的试验载荷应≤ｌｍＮ（０．１ｇ）．     

强流脉冲离子束表面再制造技术原理与应用

采用TEMP-6型强流脉冲离子束(HIPIB)装置开展了HIPIB表面再制造技术的研发.HIPIB装置主体由高压脉冲电源系统和高功率离子二极管系统组成,通过高压短脉冲在二极管中放电产生阳极等离子体并引出ns级强流离子束.HIPIB辐照材料表面,发生显著的熔融、蒸发和剧烈烧蚀,物质喷射的反冲作用在辐照表面形成由表及里的应力波,导致材料表层强烈的热-力学效应.利用HIPIB与材料表面的相互作用,应用于涡轮叶片表面的清洗维修,可有效去除涡轮叶片基体因高温氧化形成的氧化物,伴随表层的重熔将叶片基体表面微观缺陷焊合,获得了光滑、平整的涡轮叶片修复表面.实现了HIPIB辐照在涡轮叶片表面再制造方面的应用.     

Synergistic inhibition between o-phenanthroline and chloride ion for steel corrosion in sulphuric acid

The corrosion inhibition of cold rolled steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid in the presence of o-phenanthroline and sodium chloride (NaCl) has been investigated by using weight loss and electrochemical techniques. The experimental data suggest that the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing NaCl concentration in the presence of 0.0002 M o-phenanthroline, but decreases with increasing temperature. A synergistic effect is observed when o-phenanthroline and chloride ions are used together to prevent cold rolled steel corrosion in 0.5 M sulphuric acid. The polarization curves showed that the complex of o-phenanthroline and NaCl acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The experimental results suggested that the presence of chloride ions in the solution stabilized the adsorption of o-phenanthroline molecules on the metal surface and improved the inhibition efficiency of o-phenanthroline. The adsorption of the complex accords with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption heat, adsorption entropy and adsorption free energy have been calculated by employing thermodynamic equations. Kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy and pre-exponential factor have been calculated and discussed.