全文获取类型
收费全文 | 16682篇 |
免费 | 1966篇 |
国内免费 | 1433篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 811篇 |
综合类 | 955篇 |
化学工业 | 4912篇 |
金属工艺 | 1553篇 |
机械仪表 | 840篇 |
建筑科学 | 618篇 |
矿业工程 | 376篇 |
能源动力 | 729篇 |
轻工业 | 1191篇 |
水利工程 | 189篇 |
石油天然气 | 390篇 |
武器工业 | 42篇 |
无线电 | 1885篇 |
一般工业技术 | 3341篇 |
冶金工业 | 769篇 |
原子能技术 | 1241篇 |
自动化技术 | 239篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 67篇 |
2023年 | 288篇 |
2022年 | 455篇 |
2021年 | 585篇 |
2020年 | 681篇 |
2019年 | 705篇 |
2018年 | 669篇 |
2017年 | 753篇 |
2016年 | 710篇 |
2015年 | 642篇 |
2014年 | 890篇 |
2013年 | 970篇 |
2012年 | 1138篇 |
2011年 | 1194篇 |
2010年 | 831篇 |
2009年 | 861篇 |
2008年 | 768篇 |
2007年 | 1008篇 |
2006年 | 945篇 |
2005年 | 804篇 |
2004年 | 728篇 |
2003年 | 664篇 |
2002年 | 586篇 |
2001年 | 515篇 |
2000年 | 448篇 |
1999年 | 332篇 |
1998年 | 263篇 |
1997年 | 224篇 |
1996年 | 228篇 |
1995年 | 176篇 |
1994年 | 188篇 |
1993年 | 124篇 |
1992年 | 129篇 |
1991年 | 101篇 |
1990年 | 79篇 |
1989年 | 58篇 |
1988年 | 63篇 |
1987年 | 44篇 |
1986年 | 52篇 |
1985年 | 29篇 |
1984年 | 24篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 13篇 |
1981年 | 11篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 4篇 |
1951年 | 5篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Taniguchi Shigeji Zhu Yao-Can Fujita Kazuhisa Iwamoto Nobuya 《Oxidation of Metals》2002,58(3-4):375-390
Coupon specimens of TiAl were implanted with Nb ions at an acceleration voltage of 50 kV with a dose of 1021 ions m.–2 They were then slightly oxidized during heating to 900 or 1200 K, or at 1200 K for 3.6 ksec (1 hr) in a flow of purified oxygen under atmospheric pressure. The implanted specimens and oxidized specimens were characterized and observed by AES, X-ray diffractometry, SEM, TEM, EDS, and EPMA. Implantation improves the oxidation resistance significantly by forming virtually -Al2O3 scales. The implanted layer is about 75 nm thick; the outer part of 30-nm thickness is -Ti phase and the rest of 45-nm thickness is amorphous. Heating to 900 K in O2 results in partial crystallization of the amorphous layer to Ti5Al3O2 (Z-phase) and to 1200 K results in oxide scales of 270 to 400 nm thickness consisting mainly of Al2O3. The fraction of Al2O3 in the scale increases toward the substrate. Oxidation at 1200 K for 3.6 ksec results in Al2O3-rich scales of about 400-nm thickness. The oxide grain size is very fine, about 80 nm in size, and becomes smaller toward the outer scale surface. This implies that implantation enhanced the nucleation of Al2O3 grains relative to the growth of TiO2 grains. This finding and the formation of -Ti phase are thought to be responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance obtained. 相似文献
992.
Kim YJ Yoshizawa M Takenaka S Murakami S Aoki K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2002,93(6):584-588
The two ammonia-assimilating enzymes glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH; EC 1.4.1.4) and glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) were synthesized steadily during the cell growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae F-5-2 that can utilize NH4+ and NO3- simultaneously under aerobic conditions. The enzymes were purified to homogeneity from cell extracts and characterized. The molecular mass of the purified GDH was 300 kDa with six identical 52-kDa subunits. GDH showed its maximal activity (aminating) at pH 8.0 and was stable between pHs 5.5 and 11.5. The enzyme was NADP-specific and strongly inhibited by Ag+. It catalyzed the amination of 2-ketovalerate, 2-ketoadipate, and 2-ketobutyrate, in addition to 2-ketoglutarate. The purified GS has a molecular mass of 470 kDa with eight identical 60-kDa subunits. GS showed its maximal activity at pH 8.0 and was stable between pHs 6.0 and 7.0. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by Fe3+, Hg2+, and Cu2+. 相似文献
993.
������Ȼ����������������Ӧ�� 总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14
在我国,天然气汽车已被很多大城市作为治理城市大气污染的重要措施。我国正在实施的“西气东输”工程将大大促进天然气管道沿线各大中城市广泛使用天然气汽车。天然气发动机技术是决定天然气汽车性能的核心因素,对于不同要求的排放法规可以采用相应的发动机技术。文章着重分析国内外天然气发动机的不同燃料供给系统的技术特点、发动机性能特点及其技术发展状况。并分别对火花点火天然气发动机,包括汽油-天然气两用燃料发动机和单燃料天然气发动机,以及压燃天然气发动机,包括常规双燃料天然气发动机和微引燃天然气发动机的控制系统和发动机工作性能进行了详细说明。最后,文章还简要介绍了高压缸内直喷技术和发动机排气催化净化技术等天然气汽车新技术。 相似文献
994.
针对电弧离子镀膜设备手动控制系统的缺点和不足,提出了采用MCGS组态软件采开发电弧离子镀膜设备自动控制系统的设计思想和可行性方案。文中对MCGS组态软件作了简单介绍,阐述了电弧离子镀膜设备的组成度其对自动控制系统的要求,并给出了依据软件特点和行业要求设计和开发电弧离子镀膜设备自动控制系统的方法和过程。同时对自动控制系统实际运行时的功能和过程进行了描述,指出了利用MCGS组态软件开发的自动控制系统和手动控制系统相比的优势所在。 相似文献
995.
Accumulation of 2-Keto-L-Gulonate at 33℃ by a Thermotolerant Gluconobacter Oxydans Mutant Obtained by Ion Beam Implantation 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
To obtain thermotolerant mutants of G. oxydans, which can enhance the transformation rate of L-sorbose to 2-Keto-L-gulonate (2-KLG) at 33℃ in a two-step process of vitamin C manufacture, ion beam was used as a mutation source. Gluconobacter oxydans GO and Bacillus megaterium B0 were used in this study. The original strain Gluconobacter oxydans GO was mutated by the heavy ion implantation facility at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Several mutants including Gluconobacter oxydans GI13 were isolated and cocultured with Bacillus megaterium B0 at 33℃ in shaking flasks. The average transformation rate of the new mixed strain GI13-B0 in per gram-molecule reached 94.4% after seven passages in shaking flasks, which was increased by 7% when compared with the original mixed strain G0-B0 (Gluconobacter oxydans GO and Bacillus megaterium B0). Moreover, the transformation rate of I13B0 was stable at 94% at temperatures ranging from 25℃ to 33℃, which would be of much value in reducing energy consumption in the manufacture of L-ascorbic acid, especially in the season of summer. To clarify some mechanism of the mutation, the specific activities of L-sorbose dehydrogenase in both GO and GI13 were estimated. 相似文献
996.
The principle of magnetron sputtering is introduced andthe balanced and unbalanced magnetrons are compared andthe necessity of unbalanced magnetrons is explained as well. Several recent developments in plasma magnetron sputtering, i.e., unbalanced magnetron sputtering, pulsed magnetron sputtering and ion assisted sputtering, are discussed. The recent developments of unbalanced magnetron systems and their incorporation with ion sources result in an understanding in growingimportance of the magnetron sputtering technology, which makes the technology an applicable deposition process for a variety of important films, such as wear-resistant films and decorative films. 相似文献
997.
In order to generate a mutant of Bacillus subtilis with enhanced surface activity through low energy nitrogen ion beam implantation, the effects of energy and dose of ions implanted were studied. The morphological changes in the bacteria were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optimum condition of ions implantation, 20 keV of energy and 2.6 × 10^15N^+/cm^2 in dose, was determined. A mutant, B.s-E-8 was obtained, whose surface activity of 50-fold and 100-fold diluted cell-free Landy medium was as 5.6-fold and 17.4-fold as the wild strain. The microbial growth and biosurfactant production of both the mutant and the wild strain were compared. After purified by ultrafiltration and SOURCE 15PHE, the biosurfactant was determined to be a complex of surfactin family through analysis of electrospray ionization mass spectrum (ESI/MS) and there was an interesting finding that after the ion beam implantation the intensities of the components were different from the wild type strain. 相似文献
998.
Propellant ionization in the Hall thruster discharge channel is a significant process and has strong influence on the thruster's efficiency. In this work, the functional relation has been established between the ionization density distribution and the function of the ion energy distribution through the basic equations governing the ion flow in the Hall thruster channel and the method achieved for reconstructing the ionization density distribution inside the channel by ordinary plasma diagnosis of the potential distribution and ion energy spectrum of the plasma jet. The ionization density distributions of single and double charged ions in an ATON-thruster channel have been reconstructed according to the experimental data of the potential distribution along the axis of the channel and the ion energy spectrum of the plasma jet. The agreement between the calculation and experimental results of the percentage of double charged ions proves the validity of our method achieved in this work. 相似文献
999.
In the present study autotetraploid rice IR36-4X was treated by an ion implantation technique with nitrogen ion beams. A polyembryonic mutant (named IR36-Shuang) was identified in the M2 generation. The mutant line and its offspring were systematically investigated in regard to their major agronomic properties and the rate of polyembryonic seedling in the M3-M6 generation. The abnormal phenomena in the embryo sac development and the cytological mechanism of the initiation of additional embryo in IR36-Shuang were observed by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy. The results were as follows. 1) The plant height, the panicle length and 1000 grain weight of IRB6-Shuang were lower than that of its control by 35.41%, 5.08% and 15.72% respectively, Moreover, the setting percentage decreased 12.39% compared with that in normal IRB6-4X plants. 2) The polyembryonic trait of IRB6-Shuang was genetically stable and the frequency of the polyembryonic seedlings in the IR36-Shuang line was also relatively stable. 3) The rate of abnormal embryo sacs in IR36-Shuang was significantly higher than that in the control IR36-4X. 4) The additional embryo in IR36-Shuang might arise from the double Jet of embryo sacs in a single owry, antipodal cells or endosperm cells. These results suggest that IRB6-Shuang is a polyembryonic mutant and a new apomixis rice line induced by low energy ion implantation. The prospects for the application in production of the IR36-Shuang line are also discussed. The present study may provide a basis for future investigations of apomixis rice breeding via the ion implantation biotechnology. 相似文献
1000.