提升海上风电经柔直联网系统频率稳定性的协调控制策略

针对大规模海上风电经柔直联网引起的受端电网惯量降低、频率调节能力下降等问题,提出了海上风电与柔直主动支撑系统频率的协调控制策略。在惯量支撑方面,利用直流电容能量主动支撑系统惯量,并通过直流电压建立风机转速与频率的耦合关系,提出了基于差异化转子动能调节的风电场惯量支撑协调控制策略,以提升受端电网惯量水平。在频率偏差调节方面,根据本地直流电压偏差量,提出了基于风机变速控制与桨距角控制的风电场一次调频策略,并设计了基于附加桨距角控制的风电场二次调频策略,以提高系统的频率稳定性。最后,设计了多时间尺度频率支撑控制策略的协调配合流程,并基于RT-LAB OP5600实时数字仿真平台验证了所提策略可有效提升系统的频率支撑能力。     

一种基于双馈风机锁相环动态响应的风-火协同调频策略

针对风电机组参与系统频率调整与传统同步机电源相互配合的问题,通过合理设置双馈风电机组锁相环控制参数使其具有与传统同步机电源相似的惯量响应能力,进而分析风电机组惯量响应与同步机一次调频之间的相互影响,在此基础上提出风电机组主导的风-火协同调频控制策略。本策略的优点在于能减弱风电机组惯量响应过程中对于同步发电机组一次调频出力的抑制作用,加快同步发电机调频响应速率,进一步优化系统频率。最后在EMTDC/PSCAD中搭建时域仿真系统,验证了所提出理论分析的正确性与控制策略的有效性。     

基于XGBOOST-PSO提高受端电网电压暂态稳定的发电机无功优化方法

考虑发电机稳态输出无功对其支撑暂态电压恢复稳定能力的影响,基于机器学习研究优化发电机稳态输出无功提高电压对故障扰动保持暂态稳定能力的预防控制方法。该方法采用加权多二元表暂态稳定裕度指标量化母线暂态电压对不同预想故障扰动的综合稳定裕度,并基于指标排序确定稳定裕度薄弱母线。同时基于发电机无功调节对预想故障下各薄弱母线电压暂态稳定裕度综合作用灵敏度排序,选择作用灵敏发电机。在利用XGBoost建立根据系统稳态特征向量预测薄弱母线暂态电压稳定的分类模型基础上,以系统对预想故障扰动保持暂态电压稳定为约束、以减小发电机稳态无功调节对网损产生影响为目标,基于潮流计算寻优灵敏发电机稳态输出无功,以提高薄弱母线的暂态电压稳定性。最后采用雅湖直流接入江西电网的PSASP计算模型验证了所提方法的有效性。     

Molecular Adsorption-Induced Interfacial Solvation Regulation to Stabilize Graphite Anode in Ethylene Carbonate-Free Electrolytes

Many organic solvents have excellent solution properties, but fail to serve as lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) electrolyte solvents, due to their electrochemical incompatibility with graphite anodes. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to address this issue by introducing a surface-adsorbed molecular layer to regulate the interfacial solvation structure without the alteration of electrolyte composition and properties. As a proof-of-concept study, it is demonstrated for the first time that the intrinsically incompatible propylene carbonate (PC)-based electrolyte becomes completely compatible with graphite anodes by introducing a layer of adsorbed hexafluorobenzene (HFB) molecules to weaken the Li⁺-PC coordination strength and facilitate the interfacial desolvation process. As a consequence, the graphite/ NCM811 pouch cells using the PC-based electrolyte containing only 1 vol.% HFB demonstrate excellent long-term cycling stabilities over 1150 cycles. This strategy is also proved to be applicable to other ethylene carbonate (EC)–free electrolytes, thus providing a new avenue for developing advanced LIB electrolytes.     

Vacancy Manipulation Induced Optimal Carrier Concentration,Band Convergence and Low Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Nano-Crystalline SnTe Yielding Superior Thermoelectric Performance

Synergetic optimization of electrical and thermal transport properties is achieved for SnTe-based nano-crystalline materials. Gd doping is able to suppress the Sn vacancy, which is confirmed by positron annihilation measurements and corresponding theoretical calculations. Hence, the optimal hole carrier concentration is obtained, leading to the improvement of electrical transport performance and simultaneous decrease of electronic thermal conductivity. In addition, the incremental density of states effective mass m* in SnTe is realized by the promotion of the band convergence via Gd doping, which is further confirmed by the band structure calculation. Hence, the enhancement of the Seebeck coefficient is also achieved, leading to a high power factor of 2922 µW m⁻¹ K⁻² for Sn_0.96Gd_0.04Te at 900 K. Meanwhile, substantial suppression of the lattice thermal conductivity is observed in Gd-doped SnTe, which is originated from enhanced phonon scattering by multiple processes including mass and strain fluctuations due to the Gd doping, scattering of grain boundaries, nano-pores, and secondary phases induced by Gd doping. With the decreased phonon mean free path and reduced average phonon group velocity, a rather low lattice thermal conductivity is achieved. As a result, the synergetic optimization of the electric and thermal transport properties contributes to a rather high ZT value of ≈1.5 at 900 K, leading to the superior thermoelectric performance of SnTe-based nanoscale polycrystalline materials.     

线性切换系统的采样数据输出调节问题

本文基于采样控制,解决了线性切换系统的输出调节问题.首先考虑了外部输入信号是常数的情况,给出了采样周期与平均驻留时间的关系.通过构造一类Lyapunov-Krasovskii泛函,使得闭环系统内部稳定且调节输出趋于零.其次考虑了外部输入信号是导数有界且时变的情况,给出了采样数据状态反馈控制器,并依据采样周期和平均驻留时间关系给出的切换条件得到了切换系统实用输出调节问题可解的充分条件.最后通过两个数值例子验证了方法的有效性.     

电池储能提高电力系统调频性能分析

针对同功率电池储能系统对火电机组调频替代能力量化不明确的问题,通过分析对比电池储能系统与火电机组调频的原理,确定储能调频在频率响应稳定性和快速性方面的优势。从调差系数出发,分析储能对高比例可再生能源调频系统的影响,确定同功率储能对火电机组在提升调频效果方面的优势。定义了储能调频替代的功率和能量指标,并提出储能提高频率最低点的替代指标。最后,根据所提出的相关定量指标,以中国东部某区域电网系统为例,分析了不同扰动场景下多时间尺度的储能的替代能力,验证了电池储能对火电机组的高替代能力。     

Tariff reduction as a tool to increase the efficiency of electricity distributors: A case study in southern Brazil

The article aims to evaluate the consumer response to a reduction in the electricity tariffs as a hourly economic signal for the case of an electric utility in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. Using Differences-in-differences method, the results were robust in showing that the change in the economic signal increased up to 81.01% the consumption at the time influenced by the change, improving the way in which the company's assets are used, in addition to reducing fuel oil consumption by users.     

考虑综合能源站柔性调控作用的城市配电网多阶段规划方法

随着城市经济发展与终端用能电气化的普及,以制冷用电为首的电负荷需求持续增加且峰谷差情况愈发严重化,导致现有配电网运行负担逐渐加重。在此背景下,将综合能源站(IES)作为多能流耦合节点,在配电网中引入多能协调互补及蓄能移峰功能,计及多个阶段负荷发展及多类型负荷特征,提出在IES柔性调控作用下的配电网多阶段规划方法。基于IES能流结构及其运行机制,分别在不同气候类型地区负荷模拟场景下,以总规划期内投资与运行经济性最优为目标,建立由线路、变电站和IES构成决策对象的配电网双层多阶段规划模型,规划与运行层模型通过决策变量关联达成一体化协同求解。通过修改后的IEEE 33节点配电系统对所提方法的有效性进行校验,并进一步将所提方法应用于某地实际152节点配电系统,分析不同负荷特征下配电网规划运行效益、负荷峰谷差调节效果及IES运行状况,得出计及IES的城市配电网规划方法的实用性结论。     

发用两侧参与调峰的现货市场联合出清模式设计

针对新型电力系统下新能源装机容量大,发电侧调峰资源紧缺,弃风、弃光现象严重的问题,文中设计了一种考虑发用两侧参与调峰的现货市场联合出清模式,将发电侧深度调峰、柔性负荷调峰、新能源消纳与现货市场相结合,充分发掘发用两侧的调峰能力。首先,将独立储能和用户作为用户侧调峰资源,并根据用户是否具有实时跟踪调度指令的能力,将其分为灵活调节用户和非灵活调节用户,在此基础上设计了发用两侧参与调峰的日前市场和实时市场出清模式并建立出清模型。其次,综合考虑各市场主体的贡献和受益程度,设计了调峰辅助服务费用的结算与分摊机制。最后,通过算例验证了所提市场模式对于新能源消纳的有效性和合理性。算例分析中,文中所提市场模式相比仅发电侧参与调峰的模式可降低17.3%的弃风弃光量。