A Goal-Dependent Abstraction for Legal Reasoning by Analogy

This paper presents a new algorithm to find an appropriate similarityunder which we apply legal rules analogically. Since there may exist a lotof similarities between the premises of rule and a case in inquiry, we haveto select an appropriate similarity that is relevant to both thelegal rule and a top goal of our legal reasoning. For this purpose, a newcriterion to distinguish the appropriate similarities from the others isproposed and tested. The criterion is based on Goal-DependentAbstraction (GDA) to select a similarity such that an abstraction basedon the similarity never loses the necessary information to prove the ground (purpose of legislation) of the legal rule. In order to cope withour huge space of similarities, our GDA algorithm uses some constraintsto prune useless similarities.     

与地理标志相关的法律术语语境考辨

对国际公约（协议、法律）语境中地理标志相关法律术语和我国法律（法规）语境中有关地理标志相关术语进行考辨；分析了来源地标识、地理标志、原产地名称三者的关系；指出我国有关原产地标记、地理标志等术语的认识有一个从混淆到厘清的过程。     

Legal counselling system

Legal reasoning involves case analysis in statutory as well as real world perspectives. The impact of real world perspective on case analysis poses a serious challenge to knowledge engineers for building legal expert systems. A legal expert system intends to provide intelligent support to legal professionals. The proposed legal predictive system is an attempt to predict the most probable outcome of a case according to statutory as well as real world knowledge of the legal domain. The system accepts the current fact situation of a case and analyses it interactively with legal personnel. This work introduces a frame-like knowledge structure,lattice, with two-dimensional attributes. This paper contains a detailed discussion on artificial intelligence-based case analysis of theft cases in a real world perspective.     

用法定计量单位表示水质分析结果的探讨

结合目前水质分析的实际,提出用法定计量单位表示水介质中的物质含量的切实可行的方法.本文所述的量和单位的基本概念适用于所有学科.     

Introduction.

This article introduces the special section on sexual harassment at work. It discusses the importance of sexual harassment as a continuing, chronic occupational health psychology problem to which the public health and preventive medicine notions of prevention may be applied. The article discusses the dilemmas in conducting and reviewing research on harassment, briefly examining some alternative methods of inquiry. The three articles in this section are introduced and the contrasting legal views of the problems in Europe and the United States are addressed. The preventive management of sexual harassment is suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

完善技术市场法律环境的几点思考

技术市场作为生产要素市场之一，在科学技术转化为生产力的过程中具有十分重要的作用。但是，由于法律环境不够完善，从而影响了技术市场的顺利发展，其主要表现在：继续开发的污染责任不明确，技术商品的价格与价值相背离，技术中介人的污染地位，权利不够明确，科技官司难打等等。本文认为，完善技术市场的法律环境，必须通过立法来解决上述问题，并且建立起必要的技术市场法律支撑体系，以此来规范技术贸易活动。参３     

Hypnosis: Its present legal status in the United States.

The "purpose of this paper is to provide a synopsis of the legal position of hypnosis as it stands today within each of the 50 United States and the District of Columbia." 44% of the states currently have at least one law specifically regulating some kind of involvement with hypnosis. A table is presented specifying 7 types of statutes pertaining to hypnosis and indicating which type has been passed by a particular state. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Meaningful electronic signatures based on an automatic indexing method

Legal information certification and secured storage combined with documents electronic signature are of great interest when digital documents security and conservation are in concern. Therefore, these new and evolving technologies offer powerful abilities, such as identification, authentication and certification. The latter contribute to increase the global security of legal digital archives conservation and access. However, currently used cryptographic and hash coding concepts cannot intrinsically enclose cognitive information about both the signer and the signed content. Indeed, an evolution of these technologies may be necessary to achieve full text researches within hundreds or thousands of electronically signed documents. This article aims at describing a possible model along with associated processes to create and make use of these new electronic signatures called “meaningful electronic signatures” as opposed to traditional electronic signatures based on bit per bit computation.     

Sexual robbery: The missing concept in the search for an appropriate legal metaphor for sexual aggression.

Beginning in the late 1970s and continuing into the early years of the next decade, feminists provided compelling evidence that under the existing rape laws a woman's sexuality was treated as "property" belonging to a man. They emphasized that rape was an aggressive invasion of a person's physical integrity and in 1983 rape was redefined in the Criminal Code as a form of assault. The use of physical assault as a metaphor had the effect of shifting the emphasis of the essence of sexual aggression away from a woman's sexuality as property to the coercive nature of the act. A decade later, the evidence suggests this was an ill-conceived change. Redefining rape as a sexual assault, and measuring the severity of the crime by the level of physical violence, has established the legal and social expectations that the woman must be injured to be a "legitimate" victim. This paper advances the proposition that treating a woman's sexuality as property, as did the old rape law, was correct, and that a more appropriate metaphor is robbery. The metaphor of robbery treats a woman's sexuality as property, but achieves reform by shifting ownership from the domain of a male to the woman herself. Robbery implies the use or threat of force, but, unlike assault, does not require harm to the victim as evidence of the robbery. The theoretical proposition that conceptualizing the essence of sexual aggression as "assault" has failed and that "robbery" may be more appropriate was evaluated by examined every case of sexual assault (n=50), physical assault (n=158) and robbery (n=82) that appeared before the Halifax Law Courts between 1983 and 1988. This legal profile of sexual assault was compared to the alternative profile created by examining every case (n=593) of sexual assault reported to the local sexual assault service during the same time period. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Canadian Children's Law: Cases, Notes and Materials.

Reviews the book, Canadian Children's Law: Cases, Notes and Materials by Nicholas Bala, Heino Lilies, and George Thomson (1982). This book contains a collection of articles, legal decisions, and comments on significant issues in relation to children. The authors divide the table of contents into two major groupings: Part I deals with child welfare and Part II deals with juvenile offenders. This book does not attempt to be exhaustive. For example, it does not cover legislation in other provinces, and the excerpts of articles are often too short to give an in-depth discussion of the issues. However, its greatest value is in raising questions that all mental health professionals should discuss within their own profession and with the legal profession and the judiciary so that a better working relationship can be achieved. I would recommend this book to all psychologists who arc involved in child welfare or delinquency matters. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)