全文获取类型
收费全文 | 319728篇 |
免费 | 43683篇 |
国内免费 | 16993篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 41899篇 |
技术理论 | 22篇 |
综合类 | 31353篇 |
化学工业 | 36230篇 |
金属工艺 | 9557篇 |
机械仪表 | 23159篇 |
建筑科学 | 23962篇 |
矿业工程 | 10001篇 |
能源动力 | 11106篇 |
轻工业 | 14398篇 |
水利工程 | 7963篇 |
石油天然气 | 8637篇 |
武器工业 | 4589篇 |
无线电 | 37838篇 |
一般工业技术 | 32778篇 |
冶金工业 | 9131篇 |
原子能技术 | 2991篇 |
自动化技术 | 74790篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 821篇 |
2023年 | 2491篇 |
2022年 | 4979篇 |
2021年 | 6633篇 |
2020年 | 9502篇 |
2019年 | 10522篇 |
2018年 | 9578篇 |
2017年 | 12063篇 |
2016年 | 13135篇 |
2015年 | 14179篇 |
2014年 | 21591篇 |
2013年 | 20530篇 |
2012年 | 24128篇 |
2011年 | 24983篇 |
2010年 | 19171篇 |
2009年 | 19012篇 |
2008年 | 19150篇 |
2007年 | 23192篇 |
2006年 | 20917篇 |
2005年 | 18384篇 |
2004年 | 15228篇 |
2003年 | 13883篇 |
2002年 | 11118篇 |
2001年 | 9350篇 |
2000年 | 7887篇 |
1999年 | 6034篇 |
1998年 | 4044篇 |
1997年 | 3402篇 |
1996年 | 2932篇 |
1995年 | 2475篇 |
1994年 | 2068篇 |
1993年 | 1434篇 |
1992年 | 1194篇 |
1991年 | 918篇 |
1990年 | 723篇 |
1989年 | 608篇 |
1988年 | 421篇 |
1987年 | 286篇 |
1986年 | 174篇 |
1985年 | 188篇 |
1984年 | 173篇 |
1983年 | 149篇 |
1982年 | 126篇 |
1981年 | 108篇 |
1980年 | 84篇 |
1979年 | 68篇 |
1978年 | 51篇 |
1977年 | 43篇 |
1976年 | 31篇 |
1959年 | 32篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
91.
ABSTRACTIn this paper, we review some algebraic control system. Precisely, linear and bilinear systems on Euclidean spaces and invariant and linear systems on Lie groups. The fourth classes of systems have a common issue: to any class, there exists an associated subgroup. From this object, we survey the controllability property. Especially, from those coming from our contribution to the theory. 相似文献
92.
Bo Wang Edison Huixiang Ang Yang Yang Yufei Zhang Hongbo Geng Minghui Ye Cheng Chao Li 《Advanced functional materials》2020,30(28)
Orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) is one of the most promising anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries because of its rich chemistry associated with multiple valence states and intriguing layered structure. However, MoO3 still suffers from the low rate capability and poor cycle induced by pulverization during de/sodiation. An ingenious two‐step synthesis strategy to fine tune the layer structure of MoO3 targeting stable and fast sodium ionic diffusion channels is reported here. By integrating partially reduction and organic molecule intercalation methodologies, the interlayer spacing of MoO3 is remarkably enlarged to 10.40 Å and the layer structural integration are reinforced by dimercapto groups of bismuththiol molecules. Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory calculations prove that the intercalated bismuththiol (DMcT) molecules substantially enhanced electronic conductivity and effectively shield the electrostatic interaction between Na+ and the MoO3 host by conjugated double bond, resulting in improved Na+ insertion/extraction kinetics. Benefiting from these features, the newly devised layered MoO3 electrode achieves excellent long‐term cycling stability and outstanding rate performance. These achievements are of vital significance for the preparation of sodium‐ion battery anode materials with high‐rate capability and long cycling life using intercalation chemistry. 相似文献
93.
"如何构造高可信的软件系统"已成为学术界和工业界的研究热点.操作系统内核作为软件系统的基础组件,它的安全可靠是构造高可信软件系统的重要环节.为了确保操作系统内核的安全可靠,将形式化方法引入到操作系统内核验证中,提出了一个自动化验证操作系统内核的框架.该验证框架包括:(1)分别对C语言程序和混合语言程序(C语言和汇编语言)进行验证;(2)在混合语言程序验证中,为汇编程序建立抽象模型,并将C语言程序和抽象模型粘合形成基于C语言验证工具可接收的验证模型;(3)从规范中提取性质,基于该自动验证工具,对性质完成自动验证;(4)该框架不限于特定的硬件架构.成功地运用该验证框架对两种不同硬件平台的嵌入式实时操作系统内核μC/OS-II进行了验证.结果显示:利用该框架在对两个不同的硬件平台上内核验证时,框架的可重复利用率很高,高达到88%,虽然其抽象模型需要根据不同的硬件平台进行重构.在对基于这两种平台的操作系统内核验证中,分别发现了10~12处缺陷.其中,在ARM平台上两处与硬件相关的问题被发现.实验表明,该方法对不同硬件平台的同一个操作系统分析验证具有一定的通用性. 相似文献
94.
《Calphad》2020
This publication contains the thermodynamic results received by the drop calorimetry method. The experiments were conducted for four different cross sections, at the temperature of 1080 K. The investigated alloys were as follows: (Ga0.75Li0.25)1-xGex, (Ge0.50Li0.50)1-xGax, (Ga0.50Li0.50)1-xGex, (Ga0.25Li0.75)1-xGex. The mixing enthalpy changes measured for all four cross sections of the Ga-Ge-Li system are characterized by negative deviations from the ideal solutions. The Muggianu model with the ternary interaction parameters was applied to elaborate the experimental data of the mixing enthalpy change with the use of the optimized thermodynamic parameters of the binary systems available in the literature. 相似文献
95.
Konstantinos Spyrou Matteo Calvaresi Evmorfia K. Diamanti Theodoros Tsoufis Dimitrios Gournis Petra Rudolf Francesco Zerbetto 《Advanced functional materials》2015,25(2):263-269
Experimental and theoretical studies are performed in order to illuminate, for first time, the intercalation mechanism of polycyclic aromatic molecules into graphite oxide. Two representative molecules of this family, aniline and naphthalene amine are investigated. After intercalation, aniline molecules prefer to covalently connect to the graphene oxide matrix via chemical grafting, while napthalene amine molecules bind with the graphene oxide surface through π–π interactions. The presence of intercalated aromatic molecules between the graphene oxide layers is demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction, while the type of interaction between graphene oxide and polycyclic organic molecules is elucidated by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical calculations describe the intercalation mechanism and the aniline grafting, rationalizing the experimental data. The present work opens new perspectives for the interaction of various aromatic molecules with graphite oxide and the so‐called “intercalation chemistry”. 相似文献
96.
Creating an intelligent system that can accurately predict stock price in a robust way has always been a subject of great interest for many investors and financial analysts. Predicting future trends of financial markets is more remarkable these days especially after the recent global financial crisis. So traders who access to a powerful engine for extracting helpful information throw raw data can meet the success. In this paper we propose a new intelligent model in a multi-agent framework called bat-neural network multi-agent system (BNNMAS) to predict stock price. The model performs in a four layer multi-agent framework to predict eight years of DAX stock price in quarterly periods. The capability of BNNMAS is evaluated by applying both on fundamental and technical DAX stock price data and comparing the outcomes with the results of other methods such as genetic algorithm neural network (GANN) and some standard models like generalized regression neural network (GRNN), etc. The model tested for predicting DAX stock price a period of time that global financial crisis was faced to economics. The results show that BNNMAS significantly performs accurate and reliable, so it can be considered as a suitable tool for predicting stock price specially in a long term periods. 相似文献
97.
Adaptive backstepping repetitive learning control design for nonlinear discrete‐time systems with periodic uncertainties 下载免费PDF全文
Qiao Zhu Jian‐Xin Xu Shiping Yang Guang‐Da Hu 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2015,29(4):524-535
This paper addresses a tracking problem for uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems in which the uncertainties, including parametric uncertainty and external disturbance, are periodic with known periodicity. Repetitive learning control (RLC) is an effective tool to deal with periodic unknown components. By using the backstepping procedures, an adaptive RLC law with periodic parameter estimation is designed. The overparameterization problem is overcome by postponing the parameter estimation to the last backstepping step, which could not be easily solved in robust adaptive control. It is shown that the proposed adaptive RLC law without overparameterization can guarantee the perfect tracking and boundedness of the states of the whole closed‐loop systems in presence of periodic uncertainties. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed controller is demonstrated by an implementation example on a single‐link flexible‐joint robot. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
98.
Wan‐Xia Wu 《Polymer International》2019,68(11):1848-1855
A series of novel aliphatic poly(β‐thioether ester)s with various methylene group contents were prepared by direct lipase‐catalyzed polycondensation of the monomer with an acid‐labile β‐thiopropionate group. The polycondensation reaction using immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica was carried out in diphenyl ether at 90 °C. Poly(β‐thioether ester)s with high molecular weights of 20 500–57 000 Da and narrow polydispersities in the range 1.40–1.48 were obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction were used to investigate the thermal properties and crystal structures of these polyesters. All the poly(β‐thioether ester)s were semicrystalline polymers and thermally stable up to at least 200 °C. In vitro degradation studies showed that they can rapidly degrade under acidic conditions by the hydrolysis of the β‐thiopropionate groups, suggesting their potential as acid‐degradable polymeric materials. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
99.
The mechanical integrity of battery separators is critical for battery safety and durability. A comprehensive study of strain‐rate‐dependent tensile and puncture properties of a polypropylene lithium‐ion battery separator is presented here with a new model. Due to anisotropy of the polymeric membrane, tensile testing was conducted for different directions. Results showed that tensile strength and elastic modulus were increased 1000% and 500%, respectively, for different directions. It was also demonstrated that tensile strength changed 10 to 25% with strain rate (1.67 × 10?4 to 1.67 × 10?1 s?1) for different directions. An equation was obtained for the first time for flow stress versus strain rate at varied tensile directions with respect to machine direction. Moreover, puncture testing was performed and it was shown that puncture strength was increased 140% with increasing strain rate from 0.25 to 250 mm min?1. Two failure modes were also observed in puncture samples. Finally, Eyring's model was used to calculate activation enthalpy of the porous polypropylene separator. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
100.
Joon‐Young Jun Sosuke Nakajima Koji Yamazaki Yuji Kawai Hajime Yasui Yasuyuki Konishi 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(4):871-877
Cystoseira hakodatensis is an unutilised brown algae belonging to family Sargassaceae. A crude methanol extract from the algae showed inhibitory effects on the growths of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus licheniformis. To isolate the major antimicrobial agent, a sequential active‐guided isolation procedure was applied: liquid–liquid extraction, column chromatography and bio‐autography. A marked antimicrobial agent (active α) was isolated in hydrophobic fraction and was determined to phenolics without carbohydrates and proteins by phytochemical test. Regarding the antimicrobial potential, the isolated active α showed better inhibitory effects against B. cereus and B. licheniformis at 2 and 4 times of lower concentrations (62.5 and 31.3 μg mL?1) in comparison with epigallocatechin gallate. These results showed that C. hakodatensis is a potential source of antimicrobial agent capable of preventing the growth of the two bacteria. 相似文献