用恒沸精馏技术从工业废水中回收吡啶

除虫菊酯类农药生产过程中产生含有高浓度吡啶的废水,采用恒沸精馏技术处理该类废水并从中回收吡啶。恒沸精馏技术条件：酸性含吡啶的废水经加碱中和后,在92．6℃下进行恒沸精馏(蒸出率取30％,回流比取3～4)得到粗吡啶;在回收的粗吡啶中加入适量的脱水剂在70℃左右进行共沸脱水,将脱水后的粗吡啶再精馏(回流比取3),收集在114℃～116℃的主馏分即得到精制吡啶。试验研究结果表明：吡啶的去除率达98％,回收率达95％以上,回收的吡啶含量达99．5％以上,完全达到回用的目的,回收吡啶后的废水为后续的废水处理创造了条件。     

炼焦配煤试验方案的设计

针对生产中19种煤进行了煤质分析和焦炭强度测定,以5群煤为基础,采用正交设计法进行配煤方案制定,确定4因素3水平正交表L9（3^4）,对不满足配比之和100％的试验号,按因素的配比分配其差值量。对试验结果进行了级差分析,排列了各煤种影响因素的次序,并揭示出各煤种配比对焦炭强度的影响规律,确定出最佳配煤方案。     

高纯度盐酸游离氯的控制

介绍了高纯盐酸的生产原理、游离氯超标原因，通过工艺改进、提高操作水平及加强管理将游离氯含量控制在指标范围内。     

传统法尿素装置的现代化

对传统法尿素工艺存在的问题进行了分析、探讨。通过分析国内外尿素新工艺、新技术 ,认为传统 2 1工艺流程更适宜我国中小尿素装置的改造 ,并就其改造的方向和具体改造方案提出了建议。对尿素系统操作和运行管理方面存在的问题也进行了讨论 ,提出了改造方案     

盲目过量施肥的危害及新型肥料的开发

针对当前盲目过量施肥所引起的少数地区环境污染，浪费化肥资源，造成土壤和作物营养元素失调，影响作物增产增收，降低作物品质等问题，论述了开发新型肥料及采用科学施肥方法提高化肥利用率的途径。最后，提出了若干建议和意见。     

MBR中溶解氧和污泥负荷对污泥产量的影响

采用MBR处理人工配制生活污水,考察反应器中可控因子溶解氧(DO)、污泥负荷(F/M)对系统污泥产率的影响。试验中分别考察了DO为1mg/L、3mg/L和5mg/L以及污泥负荷为0.3gCOD/gMLSS·d、0.6gCOD/gMLSS·d和0.9gCOD/gMLSS·d时系统的污泥产率变化情况。根据试验结果发现在相同污泥负荷条件下,随着MBR中DO的升高,污泥产率呈现降低的趋势;在同一个DO水平下,系统的污泥产率随着污泥负荷的升高而升高。以菌胶团内DO和基质浓度的分布为基础,对DO和污泥负荷影响系统污泥产率的现象进行了理论分析。     

氟烯烃共聚合的研究进展

概述了氟烯烃共聚物树脂的发展,总结了氟烯烃与其他单体共聚合的相关研究。大多数情况下,氟烯烃单体的共聚反应得到的是随机共聚物。虽然聚合反应涉及的含氟单体和共聚单体种类很多,但最终聚合物按其性能和应用主要包括热塑性体、弹性体和热塑性弹性体3类。通过筛选一些特定功能性的单体参与聚合反应,可以使得含氟聚合物的某些性能如溶解性、交联固化性、附着力等得到补偿。此外,文中列出了一些氟烯烃单体的Q-e参数,并从理论上讨论了共聚物的结构;简述了吸电子氟烯烃单体与供电子全质子单体间的交替共聚行为,并列举了具体实例。     

影响DCS选型的几个因素

从工程规模、投资预算、控制器组态及网络通讯等方面,介绍了影响DCS系统选型时的几个因素。     

Structure-property relationships of nanocomposite-like polymer blends with ultrahigh viscosity ratios

We have investigated the structure-property relationships and the effects of a viscosity ratio on the rheological properties of nanocomposite-like polymer blends using oscillatory and steady shear rheometry and optical microscopy. These immiscible blends are consisted of ultrahigh viscous polybutadiene (PB1), high viscous polybutadien (PB2), and low viscous polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The PB1/PDMS blends with an ultrahigh viscosity ratio (λ=162,000) exhibit non-Newtonian fluids behavior for Ω≥0.1 while the PDMS/PB2 blends (λ=37) exhibit pseudo-Newtonian fluids behavior for Ω>0.6, where Ω is the weight fraction of PB1 or PB2 in the blends. The viscoelastic properties of the PB1/PDMS blends increase systematically with an increasing the weight fraction of PB1, and then exhibit plateau values above a certain maximum weight fraction (Ω_m) of PB1. In addition the viscoelastic properties of the PB1/PDMS blends are not affected by the change of blend morphology or phase inversion, where Ω_m is larger than the phase inversion weight fraction (Ω_p). In contrast the viscoelastic properties of the PB2/PDMS blends follow a positive-deviation mixing rule and are significantly affected by phase inversion.     

Characterisation of mortar morphology in thin sections by digital image processing

A digital imaging approach was applied to investigate mortar morphology in thin sections; in particular, the binder/aggregate ratio and the grading curve of five mortar bars were attained by digital image processing (DIP), using the Image Pro Plus 4.1 software package. The imaging procedure employed image segmentation, to extract mortar aggregate, and image filtering, to fix grain boundaries. The results show that digital image processing may be considered as an alternative method to mechanical sieving for the characterisation of mortar morphology, as it appears to be quicker and more accurate than the traditional method. However, digital image processing exhibits limits, which are discussed in the text.