Cloud screening in IRS-P4 OCM satellite data: potential of spatial coherence method in the absence of thermal channel information

Cloud screening of satellite data for the remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols, ocean sediments, chlorophyll, and phytoplankton in the marine environment is a major problem in the absence of information from thermal channel. This is particularly the case with the data from some of the highly potential satellite sensors such as the Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM—on board the Indian Remote Sensing Satellite, IRS-P4) and the SeaWiFS. Two main tests conventionally used for cloud screening of data from such satellite sensors are the threshold method applied to visible and near-IR bands and the visible to near-IR channel ratio method. These methods do not have the potential to eliminate the pixels with small cloud fractions, leading to overestimation of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) derived from satellite data, and might also identify the pixels with high values of AOD as cloudy. The purpose of this paper is to study the potential of Spatial Coherence Test (SCT) applied to the data from the near-IR bands for cloud screening of satellite data over the oceanic environment. We use here the data from IRS-P4 OCM. Though more computationally intensive, the SCT does not suffer from the serious limitations of the threshold and channel ratio methods and is found to be superior in identifying the clear sky pixels that are not affected by clouds. Although the SCT applied to near-IR channel data may be overestimating the number of cloud affected pixels, it neither leads to overestimation of AOD nor identifies the pixels with high AOD values as cloudy.     

不同穗型水稻产量与群体生理性状的关系

根据穗倾角穴穗颈节至穗尖的连线与茎秆延长线的夹角雪的大小,将参试的12个品种划分为直立穗型、半弯曲穗型、弯曲穗型3种类型,研究了不同穗型的群体形态生理性状与产量形成的关系。结果表明,弯曲穗型品种抽穗期干物重较高,直立穗型品种抽穗后和成熟期干物重较高,抽穗后干物重占成熟期干物重的百分比也较高,半弯曲穗型上述方面介于二者之间。直立穗型、半弯曲穗型和弯曲穗型的颖花/叶值相近,说明三者单位叶面积所负担的颖花数差异不大。就粒重/叶而言,直立穗型>半弯曲穗型>弯曲穗型。直立穗和半弯曲穗型品种抽穗后单个颖花拥有的干物质越多,成粒率越高。比叶重大的品种,抽穗后群体叶面积衰减缓慢,具有一定的群体叶面积,对干物质生产和产量的形成是十分有利的。     

AFM analysis of the lacunar-canalicular network in demineralized compact bone

Atomic force microscopy has been successfully used to examine a wide range of cellular and biomolecular structures and interactions. The application of atomic force microscopy in the analysis of organs and tissues, however, has been limited. In this study, we present a new method for high-resolution atomic force microscopy imaging of compact bone tissue. We performed atomic force microscopy imaging on demineralized compact bone from bovine tibia to obtain structural information about the bone matrix and the lacunar-canalicular network. Knowledge of the dimensions and distributions of the network allows quantitative analysis of the microfluidics of bone tissue. Results from our study show that (1) the canalicular distribution and dimensions are homogenous in transverse, radial and longitudinal orientations; (2) the lamellae of an osteon consist of alternating high and low bands; (3) the canaliculi follow the contour of lamellar bands and (4) globular structures cover much of the bone matrix, including canalicular walls. Our work demonstrates that atomic force microscopy studies of thin-section tissue samples can provide structural details at nanometre resolution.     

Image signal-to-noise ratio estimation using Shape-Preserving Piecewise Cubic Hermite Autoregressive Moving Average model

We propose to cascade the Shape-Preserving Piecewise Cubic Hermite model with the Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA) interpolator; we call this technique the Shape-Preserving Piecewise Cubic Hermite Autoregressive Moving Average (SP2CHARMA) model. In a few test cases involving different images, this model is found to deliver an optimum solution for signal to noise ratio (SNR) estimation problems under different noise environments. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with two existing methods: the autoregressive-based and autoregressive moving average estimators. Being more robust with noise, the SP2CHARMA estimator has efficiency that is significantly greater than those of the two methods.     

EFFECT OF INVOLUTE CONTACT RATIO ON THE DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE OF SPUR GEAR WITH NOTOOTH PROFILE MODIFICATION

The effect of involute contact ratio on the torsional vibration behavior of spur gear-pair isstudied analytically through a mass-spring model. The tooth stiffness in model not only has a relationwith time, as many prior studies presented, but, more important, with involute contact ratio (ICR) aswell. The ICR embodies its impact on the spur gear's dynamic performance through changing theproportion of tooth stiffness when there are n+1 teeth in contact to tooth stiffness when there are n     

应对多馈入直流换相失败的同步调相机布点方法

特高压直流输电网受端交流故障诱发的直流换相失败会造成系统短时大量功率短缺,对系统安全稳定性带来巨大威胁。同步调相机因其强大的动态无功支撑能力,在应对多馈入直流换相失败及加快系统暂态恢复过程方面受到了越来越多的关注。从多馈入直流间相互作用角度出发,分析了调相机应对多馈入直流换相失败的优势,结合多馈入交互作用因子、多馈入有效短路比及相对暂态电压跌落面积指标,逐层确定最佳的动态无功补偿站点,提出一种可运用于工程实际的调相机应对多馈入直流换相失败的布点方法,并在华东电网数据典型运行方式的基础上进行了仿真验证。     

Nonlinear cumulative damage model for multiaxial fatigue

On the basis of the continuum fatigue damage theory, a nonlinear uniaxial fatigue cumulative damage model is first proposed. In order to describe multiaxial fatigue damage characteristics, a nonlinear multiaxial fatigue cumulative damage model is developed based on the critical plane approach. The proposed model can consider the multiaxial fatigue limit, mean hydrostatic pressure and the unseparated characteristic for the damage variables and loading parameters. The recurrence formula of fatigue damage model was derived under multilevel loading, which is used to predict multiaxial fatigue life. The results showed that the proposed nonlinear multiaxial fatigue cumulative damage model is better than Miner’s rule.     

ROBUST CONTROL OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING SYSTEM

The robust control law for gas tungsten arc welding dynamic process, which is a typical sampled-data system and full of uncertainties, is presented. By using the Lyapunov second method, the robust control and robust optimal control for a class of sampled-data systems whose underlying continuous-time systems are subjected to structured uncertainties are discussed in time-domain. As a result, some sufficient conditions of robust stability and the corresponding robust control laws are derived. All these results are designed by solving a class of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) and a class of dynamic optimization problem with LMIs constraints respectively. An example adapted under some experimental conditions in the dynamic process of gas tungsten arc welding system in which the controlled variable is the backside width of weld pool and controlling variable pulse duty ratio, is worked out to illustrate the proposed results, it is shown that the sampling period is the crucial design parameter.     

吹、吸气幕应用于排风柜的研究

针对现有排风柜技术的不足，引入吹、吸气幕技术，开发出一种新型吹吸、气幕式排风柜，并通过实验研究，数值模拟对照，得到了最佳设计参数。工程实例表明，这种新型排风柜具有节能，操作舒适，控制效果好的优点。     

不同原理的SF6混合气体密度监测技术差异分析

SF_6或SF_6/N2混合绝缘气体的密度直接决定着气体的绝缘性能,因此对气体密度的监测尤为重要。SF_6混合绝缘气体被认为是短期内最具发展前景的SF_6替代介质,国家电网公司目前正大力推广GIS母线用SF_6/N_2混合绝缘气体的应用。由于SF_6混合绝缘气体具有新的特性,原有的SF_6气体密度继电器无法反映设备内SF_6混合绝缘气体密度,为此,亟需开发SF_6混合绝缘气体的密度监测装置。文章对比分析了两种不同原理的SF_6/N_2混合绝缘气体密度监测技术,并探讨了具备混合比监测功能的SF_6/N_2混合绝缘气体密度监测技术。