环境经济系统工程的思考

环境问题与经济问题紧密相连,由于环境问题的综合性和复杂性,需要运用系统工程的方法和经济学原理,将环境问题置于整个经济系统中统筹考虑,建立相对完整的环境经济系统工程方法体系,将环境保护工作纳入经济社会发展中,使其成为决策中主要考虑的因素之一,并引起应有的重视。本研究从环境与经济承载力、环境投资的经济分析、环境与投资效率比较、环境资源的经济价值以及生态补偿与污染赔偿等方面构建环境经济系统工程的基本框架体系,并结合实际进行案例分析。研究表明,单纯的政府行政干预不如创造条件,如补偿、税收减免、投资、贴息等,使其具备在市场规则下.自动引导资源向环境保护与污染治理的投入,如排污指标的交易等。此外,自然资源是不可或缺的稀有资本,应该将保护生态系统及生物多样性纳入各级政府决策的主要方面。     

电动汽车参与经济调度的多目标模型

电动汽车通过V2G技术可以作为电网负荷侧的备用容量,由此提出了一个多目标优化模型,将电动汽车车主成本和经济调度成本作为其目标函数,并让电动汽车通过有序充放电来作为经济调度时的备用容量.在满足各种约束条件下,采用多目标遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)对模型进行求解.电动汽车的负荷特性、负荷波动、真实风能输出和机组停运状态均采用蒙特卡洛算法得到,并以一小时为时间间隔来进行仿真.由模型的求解结果可知,通过选择合适的pareto解集中的值,可以节省车主成本和经济调度的成本,并且可以实现对负荷削峰填谷的功能.     

浅谈煤矿过大陷落柱冒顶处理及预防措施

顶板冒落造成的人员伤亡、停产和设备损坏等事故,是煤矿生产的五大灾害之一。在我国煤矿的顶板事故中,掘进工作面冒顶事故占有较大的比例。以山西冀中某矿9102胶带顺槽掘进施工过陷落柱为例,在该事故中,出现大面积冒顶,导致无法正常施工,极大地影响了该矿工作面的安全生产。通过分析该冒顶事故,提出了相应的控制和处理方法,以确保工作面安全。     

Adaptive water management in Israel: structure and policy options

Difficulties in integrating technical, economic and institutional factors present a major gap in analytical capacity to guide water policy. This article presents an integrated framework to support water policy and guide water management choices, with application to Israel. That framework rests on the theory of economic policy originally developed by Tinbergen. It sees national water challenges as consisting of external factors, constraints, policy instruments and targets. The need for a modern implementation of the theory of economic policy is motivated by emerging environmental requirements, scarce water, growing demands for domestic use, and ongoing needs to implement existing and potential peace agreements.     

Analysis of TRIPS Agreement and the justification of international IP rights protection in the WTO's multilateral trading system,with particular reference to pharmaceutical patents

The entry of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement has seen the developing countries and the least developed countries (LDCs) suffer from the excessive burden of obligations imposed under the Agreement to embrace and implement a higher standard of intellectual property (IP) protection. One of the areas where the impact of the measures is most felt is on accessibility to affordable medicines for frontline treatment of diseases in developing countries and LDCs, where the majority of the HIV/AIDS sufferers come from. This inevitable plight, although well known, and posited by the developing countries and LDCs during the Uruguay round of negotiations, was overlooked. This also necessitated the Doha Deceleration, which does not seem to have addressed the problem. The developed countries have also successfully utilised the TRIPS Agreement's IP rights protection criteria as a benchmark, to develop a much higher IP rights protection agenda through the introduction of TRIPS-plus provisions in bilateral and other multilateral agreements entered into with developing countries. The winners in the game are the patent-holding pharmaceutical corporations, software corporations, media corporations, and the developed countries where they are incorporated. The ones at the receiving end are the developing countries and the LDCs who were promised technology transfer to build a modern economy by the developed countries, but are faced with multiple problems of non-availability of affordable medicines for health care, besides others. This article seeks to study the justification for an extended IP rights protection under the TRIPS Agreement through an analysis of the philosophical underpinnings of the IP rights and the patent regime. It will be argued that the TRIPS Agreement is a major obstacle that the developing countries and the LDCs have been made to face as Members of the WTO (World Trade Organisation), with no end in sight for their miseries, and that the only possible solution is a review or an amendment of the TRIPS Agreement.     

基于改进粒子群优化算法的火电厂机组负荷分配

以坑口电厂厂级监控信息系统的机组负荷在线优化分配功能模块为应用背景,针对模块所运用的基本粒子群优化算法在优化过程中容易陷入局部收敛、收敛速度慢的缺点,提出一种基于惯性权重非线性减小策略的改进粒子群优化算法,使惯性权重呈对数减小;测试函数仿真结果表明,改进粒子群优化算法在收敛速度和寻优精度方面,优化性能均优于基本粒子群优化算法;通过MATLAB与Visual C++混合编程,开发了机组负荷在线优化分配功能模块,提高了算法的计算效率和工程应用价值。     

经济一体化信息管理系统研究

在分析了用户需求的基础上,结合．Net和Oracle9i数据库,开发了一种经济一体化的信息管理系统。该系统根据用户权限自动显示其权限内的工作内容,并伴有自动计算、查找、统计等功能。实际应用证明,该系统操作界面友好,用户操作简明快捷,系统运行稳定＇可以实现信息的实时查询和处理。     

淮北平原主要农作物涝渍灾害 损失评估研究

针对淮北平原除涝减灾综合治理与规划中缺乏主要农作物受涝损失调查与评估基础资料的实 际问题,于2010年9月初区域降雨成灾之际,对受涝区进行主要农作物受涝经济损失调查。依据实 地调研成果,通过综合统计分析推求了不同耕地类型不同暴雨强度下的受涝损失率,在此基础上实现 了对淮北平原受涝经济损失的合理评估。     

石羊河流域水资源承载能力研究

基于石羊河流域经济社会发展和水资源利用状况,在分析水资源承载能力内涵的基础上,建 立了水资源承载能力计算方法,分析了石羊河流域的水资源承载状态,指出石羊河流域在当前和今后 一段时期仍将处于超载状态,需要继续加大水资源保护力度,促进实现经济社会可持续发展。     

国内外防洪标准及确定方法研究

通过国内外防洪标准及其确定方法的归纳和对比分析,认为等级划分方法制定防洪标准应用范围广、时间长、基础好,今后长时期内仍将是确定防洪标准的主要方法;经济分析方法、风险分析方法和综合评价模型法实现了防洪标准确定方法的统一,但基础数据获取难度大、定性指标定量化困难、人为决策因素对结果影响大、操作性较差,容易出现人为提高和降低防洪标准的问题,因此建议在有条件时作为制定防洪标准的辅助决策手段。