EFFECTS OF MELT TEMPERATURES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Al－(14%－18%)Si RIBBONS

研究了提高熔体喷射温度和附加高温处理对快凝Ａｌ－Ｓｉ合金条带微观组织结构，硬度及韧性的影响，分析了因不同处理温度而引起的熔体结构变化对快凝微观组织的影响规律的冶金物理本质。     

FeS2对AZ91D镁合金熔炼保护机理研究

在空气气氛的镁合金密封熔炼炉中加入固态硫铁矿(FeS2),研究了FeS2对AZ91D镁合金熔炼的保护效果,并采用SEM、EDS和XRD等检测分析技术对保护膜形貌、成分和相组成进行了研究.研究结果表明,在空气气氛中,硫铁矿对镁合金熔炼有良好的保护效果.在730℃中保温30 min时保护膜由MgS、MgO和MgF2混合物组成,保护膜致密;保护膜的厚度随保温时间的延长而增加,其厚度在1.0～2.0 μm之间.FeS2在空气中分解和氧化生成S和SO2,产物与空气中的O2以及镁液反应生成MgS和MgO,使镁熔体表面氧化膜变致密,从而起到熔炼保护作用.通过热力学分析可知,受热时硫铁矿消耗密封熔炼炉内的氧,并且在表面膜中MgS形成趋势大,形成的MgS的稳定性比MgO好.     

苯乙烯对马来酸酐熔融接枝聚丙烯的影响

用双螺杆挤出机分别制备了马来酸酐(MAH)和MAH-苯乙烯(St)共单体接枝共聚聚丙烯(PP)。红外光谱分析表明:MAH单体被接枝到PP大分子链上;引入St后,产物熔体流动速率从16.42 g/10min降为0.60 g/10 min;吸光度比从0.021升高到0.778,但St含量过高时,PP基体发生交联,影响接枝共聚物的加工性能。探讨了共单体St的作用机理以及交联机理。     

采用X-射线荧光光谱仪测定玻璃化学成分

介绍了利用X-射线荧光光谱仪采用熔片方法检测玻璃化学成分的方法。具体介绍了制样过程、标准样品的选择、光谱仪测试条件的确定及标准曲线的建立,以及最终完成对玻纤样品化学成分的分析。并对该方法的准确度和精密度做了验证试验。     

CaCO3在硼酸盐中的热分解行为及其 对熔体泡沫化的影响

以Na2B4O7熔体模拟冶金炉渣,提出了CaCO3在熔渣中热分解的一种数学模型.实验证明, CaCO3粒度变化和熔渣中CaO含量变化对内生气源发泡过程的影响均与熔渣中CaCO3的分解行为有关.因此,吹气法测定的泡沫化指数Σ不能用于评价因内生气源引起的熔渣泡沫化稳定性.     

碳粉在焦炉煤气浮法熔窑上的使用

在以焦炉煤气为燃料的熔窑中,碳粉的加入量与熔化状态有着十分密切的联系。过多过少都会造成熔化状态的恶化,使玻璃产质量下降。本文对焦炉煤气浮法熔窑中碳粉的使用进行了分析与总结,提出了比较合理的碳粉使用数值。     

松香/淀粉基可生物降解热熔胶的制备及性能研究

利用复合增塑剂(甘油、乙二醇按比例组成)对天然糯米淀粉进行改性,并在高剪切作用下制得热塑性糯米淀粉基料(TPS);以松香为原料,以甘油作改性剂对松香进行酯化改性,得到松香甘油酯作增粘树脂,将制得热塑性糯米淀粉基料与松香甘油酯在一定温度下熔炼共混,并配以合适的助剂,制得松香/淀粉基可生物降解热熔胶。当松香树脂与热塑性糯米淀粉的质量配比为45/55时,所制备的热熔胶新品熔融粘度为5.1Pa·s,软化点为92℃,抗拉强度为4.5MPa,断裂伸长率为215%,月降解率为26.8%,且热稳定性较好,能达到普通市售热熔胶的技术标准要求     

Effect of the molecular weight of maleated polypropylenes on the melt compounding of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites

Maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MA) and organically modified clay composites were prepared in a plasticorder. PP‐g‐MAs, including Polybond PB3150, Polybond PB3200, Polybond PB3000, and Epolene E43, with a wide range of maleic anhydride (MA) concentrations and molecular weights were used. The structure was investigated with X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). PP‐g‐MA compatibilizers gave rise to similar degrees of dispersion beyond the weight ratio of 3/1, with the exception of E43, which had the highest MA content and the lowest molecular weight. The thermal instability and high melt index were responsible for the ineffective modification by E43. Furthermore, PP‐g‐MA with a lower molecular weight and a higher melt index had to be compounded at a lower mixing temperature to achieve a reasonable level of torque for clay dispersion. Polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites were then modified with different levels of PP‐g‐MA compatibilizers with a twin‐screw extruder. The polypropylene/E43/clay system, as shown by XRD patterns and TEM observations, yielded the poorest clay dispersion of the compatibilizers under investigation. The curves of the relative complex viscosity also revealed a systematic trend with the extent of exfoliation and showed promise for quantifying the hybrid structure of the nanocomposites. The mechanical properties and thermal stability were determined by dynamical mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis, respectively. Although PP‐g‐MA with a lower molecular weight led to better clay dispersion in the polypropylene nanocomposites, it caused deterioration in both the mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 97: 1667–1680, 2005     

扩链改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯的力学性能研究

利用熔体流动速率测定仪、动态粘弹仪和电子拉力试验机等手段,考察了扩链改性对聚对苯二甲 酸丁二酯(PBT)的拉伸性能、熔体流动指数和动态力学性能的影响。实验结果表明:PBT经扩链改性后,随 其特性粘数增加,相对分子质量提高,熔体流动指数大幅度下降,玻璃化转变温度有所增加;改性后PBT的 储能模量和耗能模量提高2.6-4.6倍,拉伸强度提高50％以上,断裂伸长率提高1倍以上,表明扩链改性起 到了增粘增韧作用。     

Melt Compounding of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Incorporating 1D and 2D Carbon Nanofillers

Thermoplastic polyurethane nanocomposites incorporating carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoplatelets were prepared through melt blending and compression molding, and the compounding process was optimized taking into account the different physical properties of one-dimensional carbon nanotubes and two-dimensional graphene nanoplatelets. Filler dispersion was further improved in the case of carbon nanotubes by noncovalent surface modification using a specific surfactant. The well-dispersed nanofillers favored enhanced phase separation in the thermoplastic polyurethane, leading to a better microstructure, which is able to improve the load transfer and maximize the tensile and viscoelastic properties.