关于现代河流生态保护的哲学思考

从矛盾观、自然观、系统观等唯物辩证法的方法论入手,对河流生态保护进行了哲学反恩。必须运用系统的观点来看待河流系统,保护河流系统的完整性和连续性;必须减轻人类活动对河流自然形态的限制,恢复河流的千姿百态;必须深刻认识河流的演化规律,正确处理好人类和河流之间的关系,不断实现人水和谐;必须尊重河流生命,从辩证的角度在河流开发利用与河流保护之间不断寻求折中点,通过最大努力保护和修复河流生态。     

A CLIMATE‐BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING‐STREAM HYDROLOGY

Reproductive success of stream‐spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long‐term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning‐season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water‐year degree‐days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature > 0°C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi‐month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age‐structured model of the lacustrine–adfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long‐term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

柘林大坝第二溢洪道泄洪运行安全分析

柘林大坝第二溢洪道泄洪闸结构稳定,位移和渗流运行性态正常,泄流能力满足原设计要求。但尾渠内人口稠密、房屋林立,一旦泄洪,如何保障尾渠内的人民生命财产安全是本工程泄洪运行需要重点关注的问题。因此,电厂必须与地方政府联动,制定出切实可行的防洪抢险应急预案,警钟长鸣、定期演练,以能在泄洪非常时期把损失降到最低。     

水布垭大坝总渗流量突变成因分析

介绍了水布垭水电站大坝加密监测及巡视检查的情况,从监测资料、巡视检查的角度,对坝体总渗流量2012年4月发生突变的情况进行了综合分析,分析成果为水布垭水电站安全稳定运行提供了依据。     

Analysis of the El Niño Effect on the Discharge of Selected Rivers in the Asia-Pacific Region

Abstract

Discharge records originating from 78 rivers within the Asia-Pacific region are used to assess a possible relationship between a temporal El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Index and regional discharges of rivers. The rivers selected have long monthly discharge series and are geographically distributed throughout the whole region. Analyses of variance are used to identify the sub-regions most teleconnected to the ENSO signal. Composite analyses show the temporal patterns of the relationships between river discharge and the ENSO signal and the possible presence of a time lagged relationship. The analyses show that the rivers of the Oceania-Pacific region are the most affected and that a majority of rivers show a similar temporal pattern, thus allowing the construction of a regional composite streamflow index. The temporal patterns of the identified relationships demonstrate the possibility of forecasting the occurrence of abnormally high or low flows (floods/droughts) months ahead of time.     

百色水利枢纽辉绿岩骨料碾压 混凝土应用研究

百色水利枢纽大坝碾压混凝土骨料料源有灰岩和辉绿岩两种,灰岩料场夹有活性骨料燧石、开采成本高,辉绿岩料场不含活性骨料、开采成本低。试验结果表明,与灰岩骨料碾压混凝土相比,辉绿岩骨料碾压混凝土施工工作性较差、变形能力较差、抗裂能力较低。针对这些特性,通过改善辉绿岩骨料碾压混凝土性能研究,采取创新的技术措施,有效地改善了辉绿岩骨料碾压混凝土工作性能和变形性能,提高了抗裂性能,使辉绿岩骨料碾压混凝土首次成功地应用于百色RCC大坝,避免了大坝采用灰岩骨料碾压混凝土带来的安全隐患,节约了工程投资,保证了工程质量     

新疆某水利枢纽泄洪闸闸墩温控 防裂反馈分析

Based on the basic theory of temperature field and stress field for mass concrete, a feedback calculation for the temperature control simulation is made in accordance with the specific characteristics of the pier of the flood discharge sluice for a water control project in Xinjiang. It is known through the calculation that the adoptions of both the measure to alleviate the temperature difference between the inner and the outer concrete of the pier during the early period and the measure of the following-up temperature insulation for the concrete are the favorable methods to prevent the cracking of the pier concrete, and then this study result can provide references for the related project concerned.     

调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法探讨

调水工程输水渠道堰闸流量计算方法的准确性是运行调度数字化、信息化的关键水力条件。传统的堰闸流量计算方法是先进行孔流、堰流判别,再根据相应的经验公式进行计算,其孔、堰流判断条件为闸门的相对开度e/H。经试验研究及理论分析论证认为:传统计算公式中以e/H=0.65作为宽顶堰孔流与堰流的判断条件,仅适用于自由出流状态。调水工程输水渠道堰闸工程正常运行条件一般为大淹没孔流,传统方法计算流量误差较大。通过系列模型试验数据的拟合,提出了特定条件下调水工程堰闸流量计算方法。     

郝家店水文站宽顶堰测流系数分析

对郝家店水文站宽顶堰流量系数进行了分析,并对宽顶堰流量系数所推求的流量与常规方法推求的流量测验精度作了对比分析评价,从而验证了宽顶堰流量系数采用的合理性。     

电气设备局部放电的检测及在官地水电站的应用

电气设备的局部放电是外加电压产生足够大的场强,使绝缘部分区域发生放电,但在放电区域内未形成固定放电通道的放电现象。目前我国局部放电检测方法主要有脉冲电流检测法、电检测法、无线电干扰电压法RIV、光测法、超高频UHF局部放电检测技术,本文介绍了局部放电检测技术在官地水电站的应用。