风动压电发电机的结构设计及实验研究

物体在空中飞行时,或物体静止于流动的气体中,气体相对于物体进行流动,该流动的动能可使涡轮发生转动,运用涡轮转动时产生的力迫使压电振子进行振动,进行机械能与电能的转换,产生电能,通过桥式整流电路与贮存电路把该电能存贮下来,进行稳压后给一些电路进行供电.因空气流动的频率具有不确定性,研究了压电振子在非谐振环境下产生电能的原理与特点,进行了压电振子产生的电能作为电路电源可行性验证,设计了发电机的结构,进行了模拟实验.实验结果表明,运用强迫振动的方式可保证压电振子产生电能,利用该原理制成的压电发电机,具有无污染,活动部件少,激发时间短,产品易于小型化的特点.     

一种非理想直流变换器的建模与仿真

应用平均法导出了考虑各种非理想因素时Buck-boost变换器的直流稳态和小信号动态模型，给出了仿真算例。所得模型具有实用性，依据该模型，代入电路参数后经简单计算或编程，即可快速获得电路稳态和动态特性的解析解。     

静电驱动悬臂梁数模转换器设计、分析与模拟

提出了一种新型的微电子机械数模转换器 (MEMDAC)———静电驱动悬臂梁数模转换器 .与传统的静电驱动悬臂梁执行器相比 ,新的结构能更精确地控制梁的挠度 .文中给出了此MEMDAC的设计、分析和模拟过程 .有限元(FEA)分析表明此MEMDAC的最大输出位移为 1 5 1μm ,分辨率为 0 1μm ,其最大非线性误差为 0 0 3μm .     

开关DC—DC变换器并联运行问题的研究

开关直流电源并联运行在许多场合应用。每一路电源输出阻抗的不一致性使每一路输出电流难以均衡，影响了系统的可靠性。本文提出了一种双回路ＤＣ—ＤＣ变换器的控制方案。由于采用电压环（外环）和电流环（内环）两环结构的双回路控制模式，变换器输出电流得到了有效控制，便于多个ＤＣ—ＤＣ变换器输出直接并联，从而实现了模块化，具有一定的实用性     

Integrated Time-to-Digital Converters Based on Interpolation

The main features of two time-to-digital convertersbased on interpolation are presented, together with some measurementresults. The first converter is based on digital delay line interpolatorsand has been implemented in a 1.2 µm CMOS process.It has a single-shot resolution of 1 ns (-value)and a nonlinearity less than ±50 ps in the measurementrange 5 to 500 ns. The power consumption of the circuit is 15mW. The second time digitizer has analog interpolators basedon time-to-voltage conversion and has been implemented in a 1.2 µm BiCMOS process. It has a single-shot resolutionof 50 ps and a nonlinearity less than 150 ps in the measurementrange 1 to 300 ns. The power consumption of this circuit is 200mW.     

用于射频系统的10 MS/s 10位SAR A/D转换器

设计了一种用于射频系统的低功耗、中速中精度差分输入逐次逼近型(SAR)A/D转换器。采样完成后采用下极板对接的逻辑算法,10位SAR A/D转换器只需9位DAC即可满足其精度要求。DAC阵列采用分段电容结构,节省了芯片面积。比较器采用前置运算放大器加锁存器的结构,达到了同时兼顾速度和精度的要求。该A/D转换器芯片采用GSMC 0.13 μm 1P7M CMOS工艺制造,其核心电路尺寸为500 μm×360 μm,采用1.2 V的单电源供电。测试结果表明,当采样频率为10 MS/s,输入信号频率为2 MHz时,该SAR A/D转换器达到8.45位的有效精度,总功耗为2.17 mW;当采样频率为5 MS/s,输入信号频率为1 MHz时,该SAR A/D转换器达到8.75位的有效精度,总功耗为2.07 mW。     

Implementation of photovoltaic water pumping system with MPPT controls

To increase the output efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) system, it is important to apply an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. This paper describes the analysis, the design and the experimental implementation of the tracking methods for a stand-alone PV system, using two approaches. The first one is the constant voltage (CV) MPPT method based on the optimum voltage, which was deduced experimentally, and considered as a reference value to extract the optimum power. The second one is the increment conductance (Inc-Cond) MPPT method based on the calculation of the power derivative extracted by the installation. The output controller can adjust the duty ratio to the optimum value. This optimum duty ratio is the input of a DC/DC boost converter which feeds a set of Moto-pump via a DC/AC inverter. This paper presents the details of the two approaches implemented, based on the system performance characteristics. Contributions are made in several aspects of the system, including converter design, system simulation, controller programming, and experimental setup. The MPPT control algorithms implemented extract the maximum power point (MPP), with satisfactory performance and without steady-state oscillation. MATLAB/Simulink and dSpace DS1104 are used to conduct studies and implement algorithms. The two proposed methods have been validated by implementing the performance of the PV pumping systems installed on the roof of the research laboratory in INSAT Tunisia. Experimental results verify the feasibility and the improved functionality of the system.     

100t复吹转炉底枪位置的设计与应用

基于水模拟实验优化后的6种底枪布置方案(对称布置A1,A2,A3和A4,以及非对称布置B1和B2),利用FLUENT软件对转炉熔池流场进行了三相流模拟,对底枪位置进一步优化,以确定最佳底吹方案。模拟结果表明,方案A2和B2的转炉熔池搅拌效果明显优于其他底枪布置方案;但由于前者的侵蚀面积小于后者,且熔池平均速度大于后者,确定采用A2底枪布置方式。工业试验表明,平均冶炼时间为14.8 min,终点含碳量满足钢种需求,脱磷率达96%以上,设计方案为转炉冶炼提供了良好的动力学条件。     

采用低温等离子体技术的柴油机四效催化器的开发

详细介绍了自行开发的采用低温等离子体技术的柴油机四效催化器的原理和结构。试验结果表明:该装置对减少柴油机四种有害排放物尤其是CO和N O x效果较好;加装除S单元后,提高了系统的工作可靠性。     

欧IV标准的催化转化器结构耐久性验证

接近发动机排气歧管位置的催化转化器由于其最大限度地发挥了催化剂的效能,被欧IV排放标准的车辆广泛应用。本文介绍这种催化转化器的结构和试验验证过程,包括试验目的、试验方案、失效模式、试验参数的确定等等,给出了确定加速耐久性试验的循环次数方程。