A class of high performance Maekawa-type algorithms for distributed systems under heavy demand

Summary Distributed Mutual Exclusion algorithms have been mainly compared using the number of messages exchanged per critical section execution. In such algorithms, no attention has been paid to the serialization order of the requests. Indeed, they adopt FCFS discipline. Conversely, the insertion of priority serialization disciplines, such as Short-Job-First, Head-Of-Line, Shortest-Remaining-Job-First etc., can be useful in many applications to optimize some performance indices. However, such priority disciplines are prone to starvation. The goal of this paper is to investigate and evaluate the impact of the insertion of a priority discipline in Maekawa-type algorithms. Priority serialization disciplines will be inserted by means of agated batch mechanism which avoids starvation. In a distributed algorithm, such a mechanism needs synchronizations among the processes. In order to highlight the usefulness of the priority based serialization discipline, we show how it can be used to improve theaverage response time compared to the FCFS discipline. The gated batch approach exhibits other advantages: algorithms are inherently deadlock-free and messages do not need to piggyback timestamps. We also show that, under heavy demand, algorithms using gated batch exchange less messages than Maekawa-type algorithms per critical section excution. Roberto Baldoni was born in Rome on February 1, 1965. He received the Laurea degree in electronic engineering in 1990 from the University of Rome La Sapienza and the Ph.D. degree in Computer Science from the University of Rome La Sapienza in 1994. Currently, he is a researcher in computer science at IRISA, Rennes (France). His research interests include operating systems, distributed algorithms, network protocols and real-time multimedia applications. Bruno Ciciani received the Laurea degree in electronic engineering in 1980 from the University of Rome La Sapienza. From 1983 to 1991 he has been a researcher at the University of Rome Tor Vergata. He is currently full professor in Computer Science at the University of Rome La Sapienza. His research activities include distributed computer systems, fault-tolerant computing, languages for parallel processing, and computer system performance and reliability evaluation. He has published in IEEE Trans. on Computers, IEEE Trans. on Knowledge and Data Engineering, IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering and IEEE Trans. on Reliability. He is the author of a book titled Manufactoring Yield Evaluation of VLSI/WSI Systems to be published by IEEE Computer Society Press.This research was supported in part by the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche under grant 93.02294.CT12This author is also supported by a grant of the Human Capital and Mobility project of the European Community under contract No. 3702 CABERNET     

Latch Applicator for Efficient Delivery of Dissolving Microneedles Based on Rapid Release of Elastic Strain Energy by Thumb Force (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2023)

Dissolving microneedle (DMN) is an attractive alternative to parenteral and enteral drug administration owing to its painless self-administration and safety due to non-generation of medical waste. For reproducible and efficient DMN administration, various DMN application methods, such as weights, springs, and electromagnetic devices, have been studied. However, these applicators have complex structures that are complicated to use and high production costs. In this study, a latch applicator that consists of only simple plastic parts and operates via thumb force without any external complex device is developed. Protrusion-shaped latches and impact distances are designed to accumulate thumb force energy through elastic deformation and to control impact velocity. The optimized latch applicator with a pressing force of 25 N and an impact velocity of 5.9 m s⁻¹ fully inserts the drug-loaded tip of the two-layered DMN into the skin. In an ovalbumin immunization test, DMN with the latch applicator shows a significantly higher IgG antibody production rate than that of intramuscular injection. The latch applicator, which provides effective DMN insertion and a competitive price compared with conventional syringes, has great potential to improve delivery of drugs, including vaccines.     

基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化BN的变压器故障诊断研究

针对变压器故障诊断准确率低和稳定性差的问题,文中提出了一种改进麻雀搜索算法优化贝叶斯网络的变压器故障诊断方法。首先,通过计算互信息建立最大支撑树并进行定向处理得到贝叶斯网络初始结构即初始种群。然后,在算法中引入一种新的合作机制和正弦余弦算法,提高算法收敛速度和全局搜索能力,并利用油中溶解气体分析,创建基于改进麻雀搜索算法优化贝叶斯网络的变压器故障诊断模型。最后,为了证明所提方法的优越性,将所提的方法与现有变压器故障诊断方法进行对比。结果表明,文中所提出的方法故障诊断率最高,可以更精准地对变压器进行故障诊断。     

ESPAR array design for the UHF RFID wireless sensor communication system

In this paper, in order to improve the received signal strength (RSS) and signal quality, three arrays of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas are suggested for the ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) communication and sensing system applications. Instead of the single antenna, the array antennas have recently been widely used in many communication systems because of their peak gains, better radiation patterns, and higher radiation efficiency. Also, there are some important issues to use the antenna array like high data rates in wireless communication systems and to better understand the many targets or sensors. In this article, a wireless sensor network (WSN) is being investigated to overcome multipath fading and interference by antenna nulling technology that can be achieved through beam control ESPAR array antennas. The proposed ESPAR array antennas exhibit higher gains like 9.63, 10.2, and 12 dBi and proper radiation patterns from one array to another. Moreover, we investigate the mutual coupling effect on the performance of array antennas with different spacing (0.5λ, 0.75λ, λ) and configurations. It is found that the worst mutual coupling reduced by −28 to −34 dB for 2 × 2 array, −3 to −43 dB for 2 × 3 array, and finally −42 dB to −51 dB due to the antenna spacing from 0.5λ to λ. Thus, these suggested antennas could effectively be applied in the WSN communication systems, internet of things (IoT) networks, and massive wireless and backscatter communication systems.     

特征挖掘与区域增强的弱监督时序动作定位

弱监督时序动作定位旨在定位视频中行为实例的起止边界及识别相应的行为。现有方法尽管取得很大进展,但依然存在动作定位不完整及短动作的漏检问题。为此,提出了特征挖掘与区域增强（FMRE）的定位方法。首先,通过基础分支计算视频片段之间的相似分数,并以此分数聚合上下文信息,得到更具有区别性的段分类分数,实现动作的完整定位;然后,添加增强分支,对基础分支定位中持续时间较短的动作提案沿时间维度进行动态上采样,进而采用多头自注意机制对动作提案间的时间结构显式建模,促进具有时间依赖关系的动作定位且防止短动作的漏检;最后,在两个分支之间构建伪标签互监督,逐步改进在训练过程中生成动作提案的质量。该算法在THUMOS14和ActivityNet1.3数据集上分别取得了70.3%和40.7%的检测性能,证明了所提算法的有效性。     

单双层混合绕组型低互感五相容错永磁电机的电磁问题研究

单双层混合绕组型多相容错永磁同步电机具备良好的相间物理隔离、热隔离和磁隔离能力,通过改变绕组跨距角可以改善定子磁动势谐波分布,在一定程度上降低转子涡流损耗,从而更好地兼顾容错能力和运行性能。该文针对单双层混合绕组型五相容错永磁电机展开研究,基于绕组因数分析,给出该类电机极槽配合选取原则和定子磁动势谐波分布规律,以及典型方案下的谐波比漏磁导系数随绕组跨距角的变化规律。进一步研究容错齿尺寸、模块间气隙宽度、槽口宽度等尺寸对磁动势谐波分布、转矩、互感和齿槽转矩的影响,给出高功率密度、低互感和低齿槽转矩设计原则。通过与传统单、双层分数槽集中绕组电机对比,证明了单双层混合绕组电机在磁隔离能力等方面的优势。研制了五相15槽12极单双层混合绕组电机样机,通过实验对理论分析结果进行了验证。     

一种双边LCC补偿无线电能传输变换器谐振网络设计方法

针对双边LCC补偿方式的无线电能传输变换器,提出了一种谐振网络设计方法：基于抑制谐波电流、压缩磁元件体积以及在最大传输距离与最大横向偏移状态传输功率可接近额定功率的考虑,依据额定传输功率、开关频率等约束条件,确定谐振网络全部元件(包括松耦合变压器)的电参数。在此基础上提出了一种相应的带磁芯平面螺旋线圈松耦合变压器尺寸设计方案：依据松耦合变压器处于最大传输距离、最大横向偏移状态时的互感值,从理论上估算出其尺寸范围,再以少量有限元仿真搜索到其最佳尺寸。设计并制作了一台额定输出功率为4.5 kW的样机,验证了所提设计方法的正确性。     

Semi-automatic dynamic auxiliary-tag-aided image annotation

Image annotation is the foundation for many real-world applications. In the age of Web 2.0, image search and browsing are largely based on the tags of images. In this paper, we formulate image annotation as a multi-label learning problem, and develop a semi-automatic image annotation system. The presented system chooses proper words from a vocabulary as tags for a given image, and refines the tags with the help of the user's feedback. The refinement amounts to a novel multi-label learning framework, named Semi-Automatic Dynamic Auxiliary-Tag-Aided (SADATA), in which the classification result for one certain tag (target tag) can be boosted by the classification results of a subset of the other tags (auxiliary tags). The auxiliary tags, which have strong correlations with the target tag, are determined in terms of the normalized mutual information. We only select those tags whose correlations exceed a threshold as the auxiliary tags, so the auxiliary set is sparse. How much an auxiliary tag can contribute is dependent on the image, so we also build a probabilistic model conditioned on the auxiliary tag and the input image to adjust the weight of the auxiliary tag dynamically. For an given image, the user feedback on the tags corrects the outputs of the auxiliary classifiers and SADATA will recommend more proper tags next round. SADATA is evaluated on a large collection of Corel images. The experimental results validate the effectiveness of our dynamic auxiliary-tag-aided method. Furthermore, the performance also benefits from user feedbacks such that the annotation procedure can be significantly speeded up.     

基于实时操作系统的低成本捷联惯导系统

针对捷联惯导系统低成本、小体积的要求,给出提出一种利用微机械惯性传感器,、以ARM芯片作为导航计算机的硬件方案。设计基于嵌入式实时操作系统的实时多任务导航计算机软件系统。测试结果表明,姿态角度的短期误差可保持在2o范围内,软件系统能合理分配硬件资源,提高导航计算机的整体性能,软件的模块化设计使导航计算机的软件系统具备良好可移植性。     

基于阵列涡流技术的裂纹特征量研究

阵列涡流传感器能够实现导电材料的大面积高速扫描。不同走向的裂纹对线圈间互感的影响是不同的,因此,测量线圈间的互感能够获得更多的缺陷信息。利用ANSYS软件对横向和纵向裂纹进行了三维有限元仿真,得到了相应的阵列涡流敏感线圈感应电动势幅值变化曲线。仿真结果表明:通过测量线圈间的互感,可以实现对裂纹长度和方向等特征量的检测。